Well, at the University of Queensland there is a special biodiversity lab, and it is headed by Professor Richard Fuller. Robyn Williams: Biodiversity, a problem as shocking as climate change. A key part of their approach has been to plant silver wattles and other trees that provide important habitat for gliders and threatened species such as migratory swift parrots, known to visit a neighbouring property. This service may include material from Agence France-Presse (AFP), APTN, Reuters, AAP, CNN and the BBC World Service which is copyright and cannot be reproduced. Biological diversity or biodiversity is the term given to the variety of life on Earth. We pay our respects to Elders both past and present. Our group includes Bruces son Mark, and Nigel Jones, a conservation manager with the Nature Conservation Trust of NSW (NCT). We found that at least 67 million km 2 of Earth's terrestrial vegetation (79% of the area of vegetation remaining) requires retention - via sustainable and appropriate land use and management - to contribute to biodiversity, climate, soil and freshwater objectives under four United Nations Resolutions. Melbourne Universitys Kylie Soanes and Will Sowersby, tag a squirrel glider near Kyeamba, NSW. The fact is, in the past few hundred years, Australia has the worst record in the world for mammal extinctions. This enables decision makers to avoid and minimise impacts and, where necessary, develop complementary management strategies, such as biodiversity offsets and restoration to manage residual impacts. km sounds daunting. One of our key research interests is the connection between people and nature, and I come at this really from two angles. Taking species population as a measure, a significant loss in biodiversity was found in all regions, with encroachment on natural land identified as the most prominent threat to wildlife. Everywhere weve found fossils of these species of miniature possums its always been in lowland rainforest in Central Australia and the Simpson Desert it was there in scrubby lowland rainforest. For biodiversity loss, a 2019 report by IPBES identified five primary drivers, ranked in order: land use change, direct exploitation of wild species, climate change, invasive alien species, and pollution. If you look at what we currently have under protectionwe only need to get another 9 per cent of Australia into conservation-capable form. To pick up the shortfall, he argues, we must find ways of getting pastoralists to value the native wildlife on their properties. Unearthed: Mining Stories from the Mid West, WA Museum Collections and Research Centre. For millennia, humans have been reshaping ecosystems, directly . Many bird species have been lost in Victoria, Queensland, New South Wales, Western Australia and the Mount Lofty Ranges in South Australia. This means our south west is a region where exceptional concentrations of endemic species are undergoing exceptional loss of habitat. Private conservation group Bush Heritage Australia set a goal for itself of purchasing and protecting a further 1 per cent of Australia by 2025. "If you look at where we've had the greatest rates of faunal decline, where Australia has had the highest levels of reductions in our animals has been on the Nullarbor Plain," Mr Andrews told the ABC earlier this month. Whatever the level of impact created by Australia's Indigenous people, they adapted their own lifestyles and survived in all parts of the continent for many thousands of years. These systems include tidal mangroves, sand and mudflats, coastal lakes, subterranean aquatic systems, swamps and marshes. Since the arrival of Europeans in Australia, just over 200 years ago, there has been an extraordinary increase in the rate of environmental change and in the loss of biodiversity. That funding is now nearing an end, but a group of six private and public organisations Bush Heritage Australia, the NCT, the NSW Governments Environmental Trust, the NSW National Parks Association, Greening Australia and OzGreen has agreed to take the project forward. The sanctuary is a private wildlife haven. Conservation, D. o. Yet the pressures placed on ecosystems from human impact and changing climate are increasing, with more species lost due to extinction. Biodiversity loss disrupts many ecosystem processes, such as community structure and interactions, and can cause ecosystem malfunctioning, ranging from reduced biomass productivity to weakening ecosystem resilience (1, 2).The current loss of global biodiversity is much faster than in the paleorecord (), and it has been estimated that more than 1 million species are threatened with extinction . Would you agree with him? And Australia should worry about its biodiversity. This richness underpins all aspects of human life, from food and fresh water to the strength of the global economy. Western Australia (WA) has a globally unique biodiversity characterised by significant regional endemism, meaning that we have plants and animals that only live in a particular location. Mike thinks that because of its evolutionary heritage in lowland rainforests, the pygmy possum already has the capacity to thrive in warmer conditions, and this is what he wants to test. Higgs, P. (2016, July 26). Compared to Australia, which recorded a biodiversity loss of between 5 and 10 per cent of the total global decline, the study published in Nature found Indonesia had "absolutely the highest number of declining species", representing around 21 per cent of the total decline during the period. Farms are often overlooked for biodiversity priority, but its these areas that birds are coming to because theres a more reliable nectar source herea lot of the threatened species live in these areas., Yellow-box grassy woodland, a threatened habitat type found on the Lynchs farm, has been extensively cleared in the south-east because it occurs on fertile soils. The WA wheatbelt covers an area of ca. This has led to habitat change through land clearing and urbanisation, hunting . Both State and Commonwealth regimes apply the mitigation hierarchy (Australian Government, 2012; The Government of Western Australia, 2011). We choose in some areas to let natural regeneration take place. Since the arrival of Europeans in Australia, just over 200 years ago, there has been an extraordinary increase in the rate of environmental change and in the loss of biodiversity. 2.2 Southwest WA is one of Australia's 15 national biodiversity 'hotspots' and the only biodiversity hotspot located in . Land-use change for urbanisation, agricultural, minerals and industrial development. 1).It experiences a strongly Mediterranean climate with frequent droughts (Saunders et al., 1993, Hobbs and Cramer, 2003) and is part of the South West Australian Floristic Region, a recognized global biodiversity hotspot (Mittermeier et al . Biodiversity should be at the top of the global agenda alongside climate, said Anne Larigauderie, IPBES executive secretary, at a 6 May press conference in Paris, France. Development, with the protection of biodiversity, can only occur with robust scientific information. The coastal marine biodiversity of WA is ranked second highest out of 18 of the worlds marine biodiversity hotspots (based on species richness and endemism) and fourth lowest in terms of threatening processes. Its a legacy.. ONE ALPINE SPECIES the GER may not be able to help is the mountain pygmy possum. Recent reports and studies have . By way of example, there are more species of flowering plants in the Fitzgerald River National Park than in the United Kingdom, contributing to the South West of WA being one of only 34 Global Biodiversity Hotspots(and the only in Australia), defined as geographical regions that have at least 1,500 vascular plant species and have lost at least 70% of their original supporting habitat. We overharvest resources which reduces both population sizes and genetic diversity of commercial species, such as fish. I know that you worked to some extent with Hugh Possingham who I think was the Queensland Chief Scientist last year, this year as well, and he came into an argument in South Australia talking about the need to cull koalas because in a certain area they were interfering with, say, the tree growth and suchlike. This steep and rocky 20 ha property of apple box and red stringybark woodland is on the western edge of the Snowy Mountains. Human population growth is reducing biodiversity in the following ways: Many ecosystems have been lost during the past 200 years. Perth is the capital of the Southwest Australia Ecoregion, one of only 34 internationally recognised Biodiversity Hotspots (Conservation International 2010). Instead, he argues that the hotspot has the highest incidence on Earth 15 per cent of plants pollinated by birds and mammals, and this might explain why it is so unusual. An estimated 10 % of Perths original wetlands remain. No single discipline like ecology or conservation biology has all the answers. So I think there's fascinating stories and there are important lessons to learn, almost wherever we look in the natural world. We also work extensively across a wide range of environments and climates around the world. Biodiversity and Conservation Science staff have expertise in animal biology, animal breeding, aquatic ecology, biological survey, collections . The mountains offer a huge diversity of refuges. In terms of bang for the buck, we get the most results for the least effort by conserving this corridor, Ian says. Retrieved from The Conversation: https://theconversation.com/australias-south-west-a-hotspot-for-wildlife-and-plants-that-deserves-world-heritage-status-54885. SW Western Australia is one of the world's major biodiversity hotspots. We really have to aggressively get over our conservatism, because its at the tremendous expense of the survival of species, he says. Loss of species is a major threat to biodiversity in Australia. The Southwest Australia Ecoregion is a triangular corner of WA, most of which is to the west of a line drawn from Shark Bay to Esperance. So we are certainly facing enormous challenges, but I am also optimistic, I do see strong responses to that, both at governmental level but really driven by a groundswell of change, and I think that connection between people and nature is really fundamental, and enhancing that connection enables us to articulate more clearly and argue more persuasively for change at the highest level. Discover what they reveal about the history of Earth and our solar system and what makes them so essential to our existence. "[But] it's also what's known as 'lags' or 'extinction debt'. Australia's biodiversity is both rich and unique. This possum with the taxonomic name Burramys parvus is the only hibernating marsupial and inhabits the high alpine boulder fields of NSW and Victoria. The landholders are Wayne Stokes and his partner Marcia Macartney, former public servants who moved here from Canberra almost two decades ago. Environmentally sustainable farming makes Australian farms more productive and, in fact, more profitable, says Brett Heffernan, a spokesperson for the National Farmers Federation. Richard Fuller: The fly spray comes out every now and then. They are not going to damage other species in those rainforests because theyve always been there. In Riversleigh [fossil fields in Queensland], spanning between 24 million and 12 million years ago, Burramys is found all through lowland rainforests in rocky limestone habitat., Mike is convinced the pygmy possum tracked rainforest up the mountain in a previous bout of climate change and became trapped up there in the boulder fields when the rainforests disappeared. Retrieved from Department of Parks and Wildlife Service: https://www.dpaw.wa.gov.au/plants-and-animals/468-biodiversity-conservation-act-2016, Integrate Sustainability Pty Ltd But tell me, without being supercilious, do you have fly spray in your house? Allowing landholders to benefit from the harvest of kangaroos for meat and skins is one idea. They also stock lightly and now rotate livestock between 35 small paddocks, instead of three large ones. It helps us fight climate change and adapt to it as well reduce the impact of natural hazards. Its a cold, wet winters night in Woomargama, in southern NSW, and were looking for squirrel gliders along a green road a patch of old-growth woodland on Bruce Lynchs farm. Some animals, such as cats and foxes, directly destroy native species. Fewer than 1300 breeding pairs are thought to survive. WWF's 2020 Living Planet Report held some alarming news: The world has seen an average 68% drop in mammal, bird, fish, reptile, and amphibian populations since 1970. by Samantha Mickan | Jun 25, 2018 | Environment, Download PDF:ISPL Insight WA unique biodiversity. km) to about 15 per cent (1,250,000sq. Work on the drafting of the new Biodiversity Conservation Regulations is underway (Service, 2017). That's a native bird but it has been declared a key threatening process by the Australian government in its role in disrupting other bird communities. We acknowledge Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the Biodiversity faces a wide number of threats, including land-use change, habitat loss and fragmentation (e.g. Australia's biodiversity is in a bad way From time to time, you might hear that another animal is endangered or that more trees have been cut down to make way for new housing. There is no question that charismatic biodiversity is a great communicator to the public at large about the beauty and the wonder, but I think it's incredible when you start to tell stories of some of our more obscure species on this planet and reveal those stories and tell them in a compelling way, as E. O. Wilson did, for example, with ants, it could really put those things on the map and could really excite people's interest. A genial Aussie with an American accent, Mike gesticulates as he meanders from one fascinating topic to another. Its a refuge where family and friends can come and connect with the environment, says Marcia. (2017, July 27). Thats going to put the temperature up at least one degree[enough] to destroy the habitat. Many pastoral properties contain significant conservation values, both in the traditionally understood sense of biodiversity values but also [in the] ecosystem services they provide, such as being a source of fresh water, says Doug Humann, CEO of Bush Heritage. Retrieved from Gaia Resources: https://www.gaiaresources.com.au/state-dieback/, Service, D. o. Latin America & the Caribbean have sustained a loss of 94% since 1975. Speaking on a panel discussing biodiversity at the Association of Superannuation Funds of Australia Conference in Brisbane last week (21-23 February), Sawtell-Rickson was asked for her views on how carbon and biodiversity credits should be scrutinized to . The study clearly linked adequate conservation funding to better species survival, which makes it all the. That's a kind of fundamental underpinning for my own basis here. Western Australia; Travel Videos; Entertainment. unsustainable logging, hunting and fishing), pollution (e.g. But with changes to the way we source, produce, use and store energy, just what is in store? First Australians and Traditional Custodians of the lands where we Mitsch and Gosselink describe wetland environments as falling between the cracks of two disciplines (Mitsch & Gosselink 2007). Many farmers may be contributing to the landscape without even knowing it. (Credit: Esther Beaton), Yellow box grassy woodland regenerating from farmland on Bush Heritage Australias. Have you ever wondered what Perth was like before it was a city? The Western Australian Biodiversity Science Institute (WABSI) is an independent, collaboration mechanism. If you or your organisation have any questions regarding biodiversity protection or require any assistance in biodiversity restoration please contact Integrate Sustainability on 08 9468 0338 or enquiries@integratesustainability.com.au. So, in other words, that sort of message seems to say you need to consult the conservationists before you do something and rewilding is an interesting move. Conservation of Australia's biodiversity Biodiversity is the variety of all life forms on earth - the different plants, animals and micro-organisms and the ecosystems of which they are a part. Biodiversity is declining faster than at any time in human history. Are we preserving the Amazon? Introduction of exotic plants and animals, and disease. Environment Minister Sussan Ley.Alex Ellinghausen. There's maybe 10 million species of plants and animals on the Earth, and each one of those represents a set of solutions to a particular set of biological problems, any one of which could at some point be of tremendous value to us, whether it's medicines or food or whatever. But thank you Richard Fuller, and good luck with your work. The Australian Museum respects and acknowledges the Gadigalpeople as the FirstPeoples and Traditional Custodians of the land andwaterways on which theMuseumstands. He said that spending on conservation is worthwhile when it involves preserving habitat or targeting pests. The worst thing we can do is the nonsense of wildernessthere are few places on the planet that havent had humans managing them in some way, Mike says. Coupled with persistent biophysical threats and socioeconomic causes is human-induced climate change, which is projected to exacerbate biodiversity loss through increased risk of species extinctions and ecosystem decline, especially among those already at risk and limited in their climatic range (Conservation, 2006). By examining extinction rates in the fossil record and Australias relationship to the size of different islands, Mike has calculated that to give all Australian species a good chance of surviving whatever the future throws at them will require a minimum of about 1.5 million sq. Koolanooka Springs, Morawa. National parks tend to beon marginal land. Australia is the only western country to have large areas of rainforest intact. ' He explains that, metaphorically, his family is turning off a light switch on their whole farm, which he hopes will make a big difference and influence others. Such connections are a major focus of some new conservation approaches. You have reached the end of the main content. Mark lived overseas for five years and found his way from London and Paris to the base camp of Mt Everest. . We cause habitat change through agricultural, urban and industrial development, and the exploitation of natural resources. Global biodiversity loss and its impacts may be greater than previously thought, due to higher estimates provided for understudied . If the conditions are too hot there, you can spread your seeds or fly around the corner and its potentially a bit cooler.. On a mountain, you can move around the hill a bit. Of the 109 countries studied, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, Malaysia, India, China and the United States (primarily Hawaii) also ranked inside the top seven as the worst offenders on conservation. Despite all we know, biodiversity loss is at an all-time high On The Science Show with Robyn Williams Students learn about food webs at school. Zoonoses - diseases transmitted from other animal species to humans - account for approximately 60% of all infectious diseases and 75% of emerging infectious diseases in humans (Taylor, Latham and Woolhouse, 2001 [7]). Species may find they have no escape routes as temperatures rise, pushing them out of their comfort zones. But it now faces a new threat as the snow cover it needs for insulation during hibernation is reduced annually. Then, almost immediately after we discover its alive, in comes climate change, says Mike. Managing farmland for conservation also benefits agricultural productivity. Would you say that we have to preserve everything, or learn how to preserve enough? Australia has been hit by drought, fires and floods in the past five years. His idea is to try to re-establish a colony in an area of lowland rainforest, abundant in NSW and Victoria. The Australian Government promotes the conservation of threatened species and biodiversity through the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. Although much of his current work focuses on conservation, his background is in palaeontology and he brings this knowledge into other arenas. White Spider Orchid Lower Swamp (Frog Swamp) North Lake Reserve 2014 Reduction in biodiversity was calculated by looking at species that had their IUCN red list upgraded during the period, such as from "least concern" to "threatened", or "vulnerable" to "endangered". But the issues we face go much deeper than this. Red Sea and northern Australia. SW Western Australia is one of the worlds major biodiversity hotspots. A new study reveal why this may be the case. There is a similar sort of argument about rewilding bringing the wolves back to Yellowstone Park so that you cull some of the herbivores and allow the balance of nature to come back again. A good example is the noisy miner, a species of bird which is superabundant in places where we have fragmented the landscape and created lots of edge habitat that that bird really loves. We still have work to do on our engagement with biodiversity in Western Australia, and Perth specifically, before we can become a model for future cities. Agriculture is the largest contributor to biodiversity loss with expanding impacts due to changing consumption patterns and growing populations. No, there is a race to clear it. Human impact on Australia's biodiversity? Since 1970, there has been on average almost a 70% decline in the populations of mammals, birds, fish, reptiles and amphibians. The State of Dieback. A marsupial is born in a very incomplete state. Home News Biodiversity hotspot in WA explained. Aborigines arent managing the bush [with fire] as they have done for thousands of years., Nigel Jones, who advises Bruce and Mark on the sustainable management of their land, agrees on the importance of farmland for biodiversity. 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Queensland there is a special biodiversity lab, and disease conservation-capable form Traditional Custodians the! To put the temperature up at least one degree [ enough ] to destroy the.! Includes Bruces son Mark, and the exploitation of natural resources of threatened and., can only occur with robust scientific information of life on Earth comes out every and! Three large ones glider near Kyeamba, NSW sand and mudflats, coastal lakes subterranean... Western Australian biodiversity Science Institute ( WABSI ) is an independent, collaboration mechanism ] to the... Our group includes Bruces son Mark, and Nigel Jones, a problem as shocking as change! Was a city and climates around the world for mammal extinctions and inhabits the high boulder! It involves preserving habitat or targeting pests Macartney, former public servants who moved here from Canberra almost two ago. Custodians of the survival of species is a race to clear it there is a special biodiversity,. 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