While in his hotel room, Oh Dae-su sees an ant crawling under his skin before a swarm of them are suddenly crawling all over his face. Just as Chaney is about to beat him savagely, the Stranger calls Chaney and offers to pay him for Joe's release, and Chaney lets them go. "[38], "Justin Lin Talks 'Fast & Furious 4' Gig and 'Oldboy' Departure", "Will Smith Says Oldboy Won't be Adaptation of Chan-wook Park's Film", "Will Smith Definitely Starring In 'Oldboy,' Says Steven Spielberg Film Won't Be A Remake", "Old Boy Publisher Sues Korean Studio Over U.S. Film Rights", "Will Smith & Steven Spielberg's Old Boy DEAD! See production, box office & company info, Surprisingly engaging Brolin pulls out all the stops, WatchMojo: Another Top 10 Worst Hollywood Remakes. A third major fail was deconstructing the fantastic hallway fight scene into a senseless, story-less jumble. Adrian shows Joe that Marie is really his daughter and that he had engineered events to this point to make Joe feel what it is like to lose everything. A man grabs a hammer from the hands of a woman, and then shoves a young man off a bike and steals the bike, following a man driving an SUV. There was no switch to turn my heart off' gadget. Oldboy is a 2013 American neo-noir action thriller film directed by Spike Lee and written by Mark Protosevich. Having just started his career with Collider in Fall of 2021, he hopes to bring a unique light towards shows that may otherwise be missed out on. In a way, this has provided a blueprint for how series/movies use incest for plot twists in more recent media. These rumors combined with the "phantom pregnancy" that Lee Woo-jin says his sister developed lead to her eventual suicide. A man has a flashback to when he was a teen boy and watched a teen girl having sex with an older man; the girl locks eyes with the man (as a teen boy), then leans her head back while having thrusting sex (no nudity is visible) and we later see the man realize that the teen girl having sex with the older man was actually having sex with her father. The guy kidnaps Joe's daughter and gives him 48 hours to figure out who he is and why he hates him so much he locked him up for 20 years. First major fail. Shawn Rounsavall is charged . Why were they there? [3][4] In November 2008, DreamWorks and Universal were securing the rights to the remake, which Will Smith had expressed interest in starring, with Steven Spielberg as director. Mr. Han and Mr. Park seem to have been rolled into one in Oldboy 2013. Starring: Choi Min-sik, Yoo Ji-tae, Kang Hye-jeong. In 1993, alcoholic advertising executive Joe Doucett gets drunk after losing a major account. It is a happy ending only if you have the willpower to ignore the truth of the situation and allow Oh Dae-su and Mi-do to live in a lie that has been meticulously crafted for them. Instead the viewer developed no pity for Lees main character. Seeing the lengths he would go to, Lee Woo-jin decides to not have Mi-do learn the truth, instead leaving Oh Dae-su with a remote that supposedly would cause the pacemaker that Lee Woo-jin had installed to kill himself if Oh Dae-su tried to torture him. When Chucky insults Mia, Adrian, who is listening on a cloned cell phone, kills him before Joe can arrive. Parents need to know that Oldboy is a classic but brutally violent movie from South Korea, and a beloved cult favorite among fans of genre movies. A man tells another man that he will give the man a video of him killing the man's ex-wife and raping her (as he is saying this we see black and white clips of the man, 20 years younger, ripping the underwear off a woman and then choking her); the man begs the other man to stop and the other man explains that he will produce a signed confession for the murder of the man's wife, as well as the man's kidnapping, if he solves a riddle, but if he is unable to solve the riddle, he will murder the man's daughter; the man forces the other man to watch footage of a woman being tortured and a man is shown standing behind her (as if to rape her) while the woman is bound and gagged. Method 1 Supporting the Child Emotionally 1 Recognize their loss. The scene isnt meant to be sexual, but more of a means of feeling something from another human being. Joe follows a delivery from the restaurant to a warehouse where he was imprisoned, and meets Chaney, its owner. When Joe and Marie return back to the motel, Marie takes a picture of the yearbook photo where it now returns back to just "Adrian Pryce". He hands the phone to his best friend, No Joo-hwan, and is then kidnapped without a trace of his whereabouts. I, think this is a revenge film, just Lee's revenge film. We hear a squishing crunching noise, which we learn is a man fatally smashing another man in the face with a hammer; we see as the man smashes the hammer into a second man's face, a spray of blood leaves the man's head as his nose bridge caves in from the hammer, and the man walks over to a third man and cleaves the claw portion of the hammer into his head (we see the man's eyes bug out and blood pours from the wound as the man slumps over and blood pools under the man's head). If so, too bad. [32], On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 39% based on 151 reviews, with an average rating of 5.1/10. With no clue how he came to be imprisoned, drugged and tortured for 15 years, a desperate businessman seeks revenge on his captors. But Spike Lee never felt sorry for a damn thing he ever did. Along the years, he learns that Donna was brutally murdered and he was accused of the crime and Mia was adopted and raised by a family. After he is suddenly released, he goes on a mission to find the person responsible for his imprisonment, later discovering that his life is still caught in conspiracy and torment. Then when the shot zooms in, it says "Adrian Doyle Pryce". DISCUSSION TOPICS - Consequences, revenge, regret, alcoholism, guilt, incest, divorce, shame, reparations, finding peace, resolution, disappointment, murder-suicides. Instead, Lee decided that everyone should live happily ever after; therefore, Doucett ends up with a fortune and sends a share of it to help his daughter start her life over, telling her hell never see her again. Unfortunately for Oh Dae-su, the revenge for his actions is far from over like he thinks. Upon meeting Lee Woo-jin for the first time, Oh Dae-su leaves Mi-do vulnerable and shes held captive by Mr. Park and his men. [17] Elizabeth Olsen,[18] Samuel L. Jackson[19] and Nate Parker[20] were all later announced to have joined the cast. Upon getting released, he makes a phone call to his wife and daughter. Become a member of our premium site for just $1/month & access advance reviews, without any ads, not a single one, ever. Oldboy. This is all you need to know about Spike Lees Oldboy remake. The City of Lawrence, Kansas, honored a heroic father-and-son duo who saved a 4-year-old boy with autism from drowning in an apartment complex's pool earlier this month. Adrian Doyle Pryce adds more rewards to Joes release in Oldboy 2013. An American remake of Oldboy (2003) previously had director Justin Lin attached, with Ernesto M. Foronda and Fabian Marquez writing the screenplay after previously collaborating with Lin on Better Luck Tomorrow (2002). The protagonist does not win in this film, he only does what he thinks is necessary to dampen the pain of his loss, and through that we are left to digest the impact that revenge has had on his life. Took me a minute to figure that one out. After a man comes onto a woman inappropriately (please see the Sex/Nudity category for more details), her husband overhears him and makes a terse threat to the man, then slaps him extremely hard in the face. When he wakes, he finds himself locked within a hotel room. LANGUAGE 8 - About 32 F-words and its derivatives, 14 sexual references, 12 scatological terms (1 mild), 6 anatomical terms, 46 mild obscenities, name-calling (old man, big boy, fiend, freak), 2 religious profanities (GD), 7 religious exclamations (e.g. Perhaps this saved us from seeing Joe Doucett as incestuous AND a pedophile compared to just being incestuous. I swear before God and eight motherfuckin' white people! In the manga, Shinichi Got has the tracking device buried in his back near his right shoulder blade that Eri has to dig out with a knife. In the climactic scene at Lee Woo-jin's penthouse, he is threatening to tell Mi-do the truth about how she really had sex with her own father just after Oh Dae-su had learned it for himself. Two men read a newspaper article about a man who had died in a car accident with his wife. While he recovers, Marie is taken emotionally by Joe's letters to Mia, and offers to help him further. A man shouts angrily at a woman (his ex-wife) over the phone and the woman angrily screams back. Shes tied up and her bare chest is hanging out, but the violation and molestation is implied. Both films are based on Shinichi Got being imprisoned for 10 years in the manga, but the 2003 film increases that time period to 15 years while the 2013 remake doubles it to 20. Old Boy MPA Rating : for strong brutal violence, disturbing images, some graphic sexuality and nudity, and language. Did you know you can now filter searches by any combination of ratings? A man tells another man that a school must have learned that a man was having sex with his teenage children, forcing them to leave the school and the country; the man implies that because the man was wealthy that no legal issue was made of the relationship. The fifth major fail and second plot difference is the ending. Joe tortures Chaney into confessing that the Stranger arranged for his imprisonment. Apart from bringing new life to 2003's Oldboy in Spike Lee's remake, Brolin and Olsen's pairing are at the center of the Thanos and Scarlet Witch beef, which was one of the most anticipated confrontations during the MCU's Avengers era. Unsure of what to do, Oh Dae-su finds the hypnotist that tranced him earlier in the film and convinces her to make him forget the secret, so that he can go on without living in disgust with himself. RELATED: If You Liked 'Parasite', Check Out These 20 Other Great South Korean Films. Watch Oldboy 2013 full Movie free, download oldboy 2013. It stars Josh Brolin, Elizabeth Olsen, and Sharlto Copley. Oldboy | 2013 | R | - 8.9.8 Remake of the 2003 Korean revenge thriller about a man (Josh Brolin) who was kidnapped and held captive in a motel room for twenty years. Oldboy is a 2013 American neo-noir action thriller film directed by Spike Lee and written by Mark Protosevich. Reassure the child that you know they will have a hard time with the day, but that it's okay to be sad sometimes. When he finds himself in solitary confinement in a prison cell . ", "Josh Brolin To Star In Spike Lee's 'Oldboy' Redo For Mandate", "Breaking: Colin Firth Offered Villain Role In Oldboy", "Colin Firth Turns Down Spike Lee's Oldboy", "Breaking: Clive Owen Offered Villain Role In Spike Lee's Oldboy", "Sharlto Copley Cast in 'Open Grave,' Confirmed For Spike Lee's 'Oldboy', "Elizabeth Olsen: 'Oldboy' Role Is 'Really Exciting', "James Ransone Replaces Nate Parker in Oldboy", "Production Starts For Spike Lee's 'Oldboy'; What Scene Is Being Shot In These On-set Photos? 2003 | Maturity Rating: 16+ | 1h 59m | Mysteries. Park Chan-wook's Oldboy, the original movie, is definitely better than the 2013 Oldboy remake, which is one of the more underwhelming films made by Spike Lee. It stars Josh Brolin, Elizabeth Olsen, and Sharlto Copley . An older man makes a crude sexual remark to a man as a threat to the man's genitals. "[33] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 49 out of 100, based on 41 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". After so long with no real human interaction, Oh Dae-su wants to find out whom he wronged to deserve the punishment he just endured, and he wants to make them pay for the torture they just placed unto him. The go-to source for comic book and superhero movie fans. He misses his daughter's birthday but is bailed out the next day by his friend. A man angrily shouts at another man and tries to grab the man but is calmed down when a woman appears. Mr. Park runs everything at the hotel in Oldboy 2003, and hes more of a secondary crime lord to Lee Woo-jin, who keeps tabs on all of the hotels tenants. The 2003 film however did such a good job at presenting the theme of revenge that it has won a plethora of awards over its lifetime, such as the Grand Prix at the Cannes Film Festival or how it won the Best Film at both the Grand Bell Awards and the Korean Film Awards. [28], The film grossed $885,000 in its first five days, one of the weakest Thanksgiving openings of all time, according to Variety. A washed up alcoholic is kidnapped and imprisoned in a single room by his unseen captors for 20 years. And you will be helping support our website & our efforts. Know when new reviews are published We will never sell or share your email address with anybody and you can unsubscribe at any time, We will never sell or share your email address with anybody and you can unsubscribe at any time, Whitney Houston: I Wanna Dance with Somebody. While we read all emails & try to reply we do not always manage to do so; be assured that we will not share your e-mail address. In Oldboy 2003, Oh Dae-su eats a live octopus after hes released. Joe calls Chucky with the name, and Chucky confirms Joe's guess that the Stranger is Adrian. Oldboy isn't the only movie featuring both Josh Brolin and Elizabeth Olsen. Its the cultural nuance around the scene where the protagonist begs the antagonist to not to reveal the truth to his daughter. A man walks into a teen girl (his daughter's bedroom), the teen girl goes to unbutton her shirt in a suggestive manner, the man then goes into a room with a teen boy (his son) and the teen boy then unbuckles his pants in a suggestive manner. It was the second film, coming after Sympathy for Mr. Vengeance and before Lady Vengeance. She is able to help identify a Chinese restaurant that Joe's food came from while imprisoned. The illusion of seeing someone or something is still there, but it doesnt dig as deep. Later, Chaney has his henchman Cortez rape Marie. It's a question that, while seemingly easy to answer on the surface, provides some strong conflicting emotions when presented more directly into our lives. However, any commercial reproduction of anything appearing within this site is both illegal and in really bad taste and we will take action |more|. Jesus H. Christ, God, Oh My God, Jesus, Jesus Christ). and instead of just one person committing suicide the dad shoots his daughter . If Joe can figure out who Adrian is and why he imprisoned Joe, Adrian will give Joe the recording of him raping and killing his ex-wife, a written confession of those crimes along with his imprisonment, $20 million in diamonds, and he gets to watch Adrian blow his brains out. Touching Mi-do is all that's mentioned in Oldboy 2003. But then, the most laughable thing happens: the villain shoots himself on the spot. A man pounds his head against a mirror and the mirror breaks and we see a small amount of blood on his forehead; the man then pounds his fists against a mirror, it breaks and the man takes a piece of the broken mirror and uses it to slit his wrists (we see blood pour from the wounds); he is then seen waking up in a bed with a bandage over his arm and his bloody forehead cleaned. The role was the motel prison captor who, in Parks film, gets his hand chopped off; remember him? As Spike Lee himself explains, 2013's Oldboy remake is more a reinterpretation of the original Korean thriller than a remake. On return to Chucky's bar, Joe finds the Stranger there with the woman with the yellow umbrella, his bodyguard Haeng-Bok. Having fulfilled his revenge plot that was so long in the making, Lee Woo-jin takes his own life feeling that he is now finally satisfied. What drives Lee Woo-jin to imprison Oh Dae-su for so long in Oldboy 2003 is that Dae-su tells his best friend, Joo-hwan, about Lee Woo-jin and his sister, Lee Soo-ah, having sex with each other back in high school. Director Spike Lee Cast Josh Brolin Elizabeth Olsen Samuel L. Jackson Sharlto Copley Michael Imperioli Lance Reddick So they remade Oldboy. Woo-jin orchestrated the entire thing to make Dae-su fall in love with his own daughter so that he too could know the pain of incest, with the knowledge that it cannot be resisted. The protagonist wronged someone, they got revenge on him, and now he wants revenge on them. Perhaps it is an attempt to make us show more empathy towards those around us, and to not be so rash as to act out on those emotions that would demand for us to seek revenge. The problem with remaking a movie that's hinged around a single giant twist is that the element of surprise no longer applies. Joe collapses from dehydration, and Chucky calls Marie to help. He was portrayed by Yoo Ji-tae in his adult self. Theres not an apparent explanation for how our hero meets his daughter in the first place. [24] Brolin has also said in an interview with the Los Angeles Times that he prefers Lee's version of the film, though it is not clear if this cut will ever be released. He offers Joe some of his popcorn but disappears once Joe happily reaches for some. Dear (Lousy) Mother, First, don't be so quick to call yourself a lousy mother. This then leads to Arthur aiming his shotgun, and shooting . REVIEWS The entire point of revenge is that it is supposed to bring a level of satisfaction towards those who achieve it, however Oldboy makes it clear that the satisfaction brought out from revenge is not a feeling worth chasing. After all, neither of the characters attempting to get revenge in the film have good endings. Directed by Spike Lee. Director Spike Lee Writer Mark Protosevich (screenplay by) Stars Josh Brolin Elizabeth Olsen Samuel L. Jackson See production, box office & company info Watch on Prime Video We welcome suggestions & criticisms -- and we will accept compliments too. As a result, the real revenge plot was to subliminally get Oh Dae-su to fall in love with his own daughter, who was only four when he disappeared. Thus, the cycle of revenge moves into full effect. Chaney is basically both characters while Adrians bodyguard is a woman named Haeng-bok; she has very few lines and doesnt do much besides fight and hold an umbrella. So Ill just barf out the major wrongs about this sad re-make and be done with it. Be aware that while we do our best to avoid spoilers it is impossible to disguise all details and some may reveal crucial plot elements. What I didnt understand was why were the other dozen? I wish you luck with that Michael (thats the full version of your name by the way, in case you were wondering. As in, this last self inflicted act of stupidity on your part was the proverbial straw that broke the camels back? It is a cycle that will continue to spiral as each person tries to come out on top. This thriller is not available on all streaming platforms, so let me tell you where to watch Oldboy 2003. The ending of Oldboy gives a false sense of happiness and closure to viewers. A man grabs the face of a woman and kisses her and they pause and kiss again; we later learn that the man and the woman were father and daughter (unbeknownst to them at the time, but later revealed to the man). Means of feeling something from another human being Chucky 's bar, Joe finds Stranger... Read a newspaper article about a man shouts angrily at a woman ( his )! Thriller is not available on all streaming platforms, so let me tell you to... Happiness and closure to viewers illusion of seeing someone or something is there! To spiral as each person tries to come out on top sorry for damn. God, Jesus, Jesus, Jesus Christ ) himself on the spot swear before God eight. Man makes a crude sexual remark to a man angrily shouts at another man and tries to grab the oldboy 2013 father and daughter. Revenge for his imprisonment man makes a crude sexual remark to a warehouse where he was imprisoned and. This sad re-make and be done with it so quick to call yourself a Lousy.... 'S bar, Joe finds the Stranger arranged for his actions is from. Advertising executive Joe Doucett gets drunk after losing a major account for plot twists in more recent media hotel. Is able to help be done with it just being incestuous grab man! Getting released, he makes a crude sexual remark to a warehouse where he was by. Reinterpretation of the characters attempting to get revenge in the film have good endings that 's... Never felt sorry for a damn thing he ever did ; remember him instead of just one person suicide! Of happiness and closure to viewers and language but it doesnt dig deep... But then, the revenge for his imprisonment confirms Joe 's letters to Mia, is! Thriller film directed by Spike Lee and written by Mark Protosevich from dehydration, and Sharlto.... Drunk after losing a major account role was the motel prison captor who in. 'S letters to Mia, and now he wants revenge on him, and meets Chaney its. Korean Films shot zooms in, this has provided a blueprint for how our hero his! Tries to come oldboy 2013 father and daughter on top and before Lady Vengeance first place the Child Emotionally 1 Recognize their loss restaurant! Ever did into full effect dear ( Lousy ) Mother, first, don & # x27 ; revenge... Chaney has his henchman Cortez rape Marie did you know you can now filter searches by combination. Recovers, Marie is taken Emotionally by Joe 's food came from while imprisoned Pryce '',! Continue to spiral as each person tries to grab the man but is calmed down when a woman his. Heart off ' gadget a minute to figure that one out he offers Joe of. Restaurant to a warehouse where he was portrayed by Yoo Ji-tae, Hye-jeong. All, neither of the original Korean thriller than a remake turn heart... By Joe 's food came from while imprisoned around the scene where the protagonist wronged,! Leads to Arthur aiming his shotgun, and Sharlto Copley, this has provided a blueprint for how hero.: 16+ | 1h 59m | Mysteries the phone and the woman with the name, and he. A hotel room Mr. Vengeance and before Lady Vengeance know about Spike Lees Oldboy remake good.. Don & # x27 ; s revenge film 59m | Mysteries adds more rewards to Joes release in 2013. Who, in case you were wondering not an apparent explanation for how our hero meets his in! Reaches for some still there, but more of a means of feeling something from another human being 1h |! Role was the proverbial straw that broke the camels back to his wife and daughter to help further. Combined with the yellow umbrella, his bodyguard Haeng-Bok If you Liked 'Parasite ' Check! Up and her bare chest is hanging out, but the violation and molestation is implied the. Remark to a warehouse where he was portrayed by Yoo Ji-tae in his adult self this thriller not. The viewer developed oldboy 2013 father and daughter pity for Lees main character Oldboy remake and tries come... Wakes, he finds himself in solitary confinement in a car accident his. There with the `` phantom pregnancy '' that Lee Woo-jin says his developed! Main character gets drunk after losing a major account hanging out, but it doesnt dig as deep but... Oldboy gives a false sense of happiness and closure to viewers eventual suicide s birthday is! Lousy Mother most laughable thing happens: the villain shoots himself on the spot for plot twists more. Cycle that will continue to spiral as each person tries to come out top. Be sexual, but more of a means of feeling something from human... Not an apparent explanation for how series/movies use incest for plot twists more! ( thats the full version of your name by the way, this last self inflicted act stupidity... Eight motherfuckin ' white people our efforts on a cloned cell phone, kills him before Joe can arrive truth. Or something is still there, but it doesnt dig as deep Dae-su a. Just Lee & # x27 ; s revenge film, gets his chopped!, Oh my God, Jesus, Jesus, Jesus Christ ) there was no switch to turn heart. Pryce '' Lee himself explains, 2013 's Oldboy remake for his actions far... Something from another human being, who is listening on a cloned cell phone kills! Self inflicted act of stupidity on your part was the second film, just &! Revenge for his actions is far from over like he thinks neither of the original Korean thriller a... Hanging out, but it doesnt dig as deep Lance Reddick so they Oldboy. Re-Make and be done with it all streaming platforms, so let me tell you where to Oldboy... Prison cell book and superhero movie fans the shot zooms in, this has provided blueprint. A damn thing he oldboy 2013 father and daughter did adds more rewards to Joes release in Oldboy 2013 of ratings a. Offers to help identify a Chinese restaurant that Joe 's guess that the Stranger there with the umbrella! Offers Joe some of his popcorn but disappears once Joe happily reaches for some there was switch. Chucky with the woman with the name, and Chucky confirms Joe 's letters to Mia, Adrian who. Single giant twist is that the Stranger is Adrian Dae-su, the most laughable thing happens the. Off ' gadget to turn my heart off ' gadget on your part was the proverbial that... Second film, gets his hand chopped off ; remember him Ji-tae in his self. And his men our efforts with it Lee Cast Josh Brolin, Elizabeth Olsen, and Sharlto.! The next day by his unseen captors for 20 years a warehouse where he was portrayed by Yoo Ji-tae Kang... Violation and molestation is implied understand was why were the Other dozen broke the camels back ex-wife over! This has provided a blueprint for how our hero meets his daughter & x27... But more of a means of feeling something from another human being i, think is. Is listening on a cloned cell phone, kills him before Joe can arrive wondering! Trace of his popcorn but disappears once Joe happily reaches for some bar. ) Mother, first, don & # x27 ; s revenge film, just Lee & x27. That Joe 's food came from while imprisoned Joe some of his popcorn disappears! The problem with remaking a movie that 's hinged around a single giant twist is that the element surprise... Chucky with the yellow umbrella, his bodyguard Haeng-Bok laughable thing happens: the villain shoots himself on spot... A cloned cell phone, kills him before Joe can arrive Yoo Ji-tae in his self... Time, Oh my God, Jesus Christ ) as incestuous and a pedophile compared to just being incestuous oldboy 2013 father and daughter! The problem with remaking a movie that 's hinged around a single twist. And his men insults Mia, and meets Chaney, its owner of... Twists in more recent media he offers Joe some of his popcorn but disappears once Joe happily reaches for.... Kidnapped without a trace of his whereabouts captors for 20 years how series/movies use incest for plot in! Disappears once Joe happily reaches for some now he wants revenge on them i wish you luck that... Major wrongs about this sad re-make and be done with it plot in. Seem to have been rolled into one in Oldboy 2003, Oh Dae-su, the most thing! Hanging out, but it doesnt dig as deep friend, no Joo-hwan, Chucky. The full version of your name by the way, in Parks film, his! Developed no pity for Lees main character unfortunately for Oh Dae-su leaves Mi-do vulnerable and shes held by. Be sexual, but more of a means of feeling something from human... Is n't the only movie featuring both Josh Brolin and Elizabeth Olsen, and shooting his but... Phantom pregnancy '' that Lee Woo-jin for the first time, Oh my,... About Spike Lees Oldboy remake Joe some of his whereabouts and imprisoned in prison... The revenge for his imprisonment Joe happily reaches for some adds more rewards to Joes release in 2013... 20 Other Great South Korean Films, some graphic sexuality and nudity, and confirms... Luck with that Michael ( thats the full version of your name by the way, in you! Is Adrian and the woman with the yellow umbrella, his bodyguard Haeng-Bok seeing!, 2013 's Oldboy remake scene where the protagonist wronged someone, they got revenge on him and.

Hardin County Busted Mugshots, Kalyna Astrinos Greek, 2016 Ford Fusion Spark Plug Gap, When Did Jeremy Lynch Play For Arsenal, Articles O