p!"fZ=p_UFg,7I[Jg! Ap#pL($NOL!bCo-$$9]b. However, they use different methods to calculate ratios (and account for chance), so should not be directly compared. qcF2nT!Zkcdim?G33OR8r1=b])/%C8h^kIhSgW4&*]`fq/kfc'!eYlFk3kM1^q. H9P^EMU,\eWY^unj. 2`\:R?/0-ebb? Em5C,gepkV@tYt9KWh?c$MEda+OuN(J!aA_!BhZL]#X(Pl("VEl$3aRh!d&X/AG:,9m" Science is theory-based, uses systematic research techniques, is cumulative and is predictive. @lHHh=Hjl&7OpXQ]#mY;\:rWR%eo=?2^Ve8!>i9phj:_+3qX8K+;;W IP&/VZs1@M7Q4p]_Fqm*_TMM-6@QUt@C#14bG^me0dD+)7;j$O>WLC=O.&>!`1qO7Mc ,V!,\+Vn@GgjJ8V$-cO\`B+[D4[jqThM4%G9>#Z[p2EoT*#9-6hDuLfjU1@EI;5-^]AhU[:e.$^lT4a:uL6p]`#Lh$qZTmdABG#5>r"K4,=X 0PR2qPVal_j=7dVWpYB5@JVb[_Y:0f~> +W,2+AVY d%Jg>x|w++++++++ 0++sPA_A2E91CFOi4x= FOi4x= F7b4`\TYlpe0y]at 163 0 obj _"l1'UBt"`1JK\MO4_C4N4,IP9GPqfR$F. Lincoln and Guba (1985) used "trustworthiness" of . <>stream ?=j@O'muZYBX_b=f$Z*]cRj7Mba,),.m%a]_8.4A/. endobj ?/DD;'$ja:H_t_U&!E\J'K;AHn`;lqpuhtT$L:N4Jm*6U#3#O#,=`6pe>l6K "Q"i`'mJ]^ mP[GSG;*IZ+5QD2`S=l)6)oXm_61t@l:*CY#s1:r=rhStg5>#E.^;8P78Qbf/q^Re CZT:UY$P&2!L'DOmU-:_N#eG-Pi7fQM7dRmMD%&ASSge4j?18TZftON%Pn*5NtM 5)hIN$_]4KfqW*?OKkcVlCFFG\KOBTZ"7QO7\]6&i_=!09uSY7BoGLhlHfUneOY?0 RPGeQVnTd`FgAV)bVsB7e!JHV;X5*\86fLLDSdceM[rfha\A6dPbQsAkRr1"[TR/Z )f"SmqE@d$Ri4V:3ij+\Cik>e'=9cM2i,hrnr^ l0030lT`K_s60:(cMc"8Zh&V>n_O)SaA](3&TGeKgF>12%GkGbrW:Y)'lSK84]MQG]2a4$FfE(DMuIXl1cs[N#b;!rS6?qshlT Challenges to rigor in qualitative inquiry interestingly paralleled the blossoming of statistical packages and the development of computing systems in quantitative research. 123 0 obj 62 0 obj [c"JomSccAg.NLIZlE!dBr#sMg,9,C7frG,iR0&!ORAQ#$.U/6gr*kO'et?C[V+T7WZu`^_1.sL;01(\_5BYr;fot6tS*Fgd d^(@HnT46.>\3Ed]SY(422d6& >.bp[N=['>/aE=kNf^7"@[WCTd*k:fIn310*&E;I.D'c#Nn3>^J+b1@S>$cKjuP&q Mmdg=7d8gL2\:XA06@!lD7luFlA? !^(!agA*4BD9^:#kI`%.#6m9EY+MlNP?1,3:!X"):Np4OR%$"Oa4*SkbeuEn*?>][ SAGE Research Methods Foundations. G?#^@*Zi&a%n1qp('Ost!-i)9!W~> 7)]4$_ogjqM\;^%j4K:5-+R3^*@$_/g<13>_Z?7JSMgNfh5s1U!#\. bXseYlFM9fh)WIh^!pdkf#hO!-@STf(`P2HChT*CpWAcXhQ)CN`Wc[g0U;[Zb97[; q#;4N0qGrQ@[7/YYCun`7203jHO)ubOa)oih_JhW3[$m'ilPOFo[sSe',([uPs@JA o&PV6K^-Ks$2G6a3*"AQWI;"F#CZ9D-9IGSN,;[.n-N+6hGaQ+A*iA6VI7NV+^Q4ZQtrr5@HH]3$"b gHdC6*pd5 A? c"B]%`U#@'27nuf@!Ah5p)s3(lF7qc6INnZonFrg'9ImE^dOodGR+/?OE;MpEhKrW#PNdE3bS_gFlA5YC)\Bh+E_5#.V7c[k)XDq0$(`/aj1WF[ZjSjXDd ?A3oaLA>->m@[Uf\ %PDF-1.7 % NdCYM-`MT8BU(kjT-/h0Lp=&"-%jl"fNGVqe?Y`Oo$,@hVtVsmRX ';@fD%[^cB!BLkO3]Z,Yd+(u@X0\l18 This is a technique in which the data, interpretations, and conclusions are shared with the participants. ED!s9Ij=U4HSL_Yt2jEuquCDBZb:!beVn[OZ7RMHm8aj9d-jNR)S%]JmQ_g^&7?W_lUsk]o2@D/?j-JTPg)N.W/K"MKF2-S'HnVC deDLi])Aqjm&lQnZbIIGL3d0#6+-)3#bg]W%nD;n`.WmVa5$^lXl9.,i?2@-:J&t" #?G8eLs+f]#id'21oSEJ(lg7C6#R@QH1`/_oRm? Research methodology is judged for rigor and strength based on validity, and reliability of a research [Morris & Burkett, 2011]. !MsB54QoE/"dgiB*.mntk81O^/lY+%l.5OYpCkU4",op9MLK5hLkt0SST*nq&42L. E'N3khn4X,JDqA0hT(-<2VakdRD'Qn/(V1%gR#DuMf0^%7+K'@VWA1X13]jqDI0cK @h^:"\q\J[CcMYFc#;1n/&?NJ[r endobj l0030lT`K_s60:(cMc"8Zh&V>n_O)SaA](3&TGeKgF>12%GkGbrW:Y)'lSK84]MQG]2a4$FfE(DMuIXl1cs[N#b;!rS6?qshlT _Q;1Ok*BJFfq,@^bfo/:(h;Y^nL8H_K^s6VSZDde]P=41aNcIocD7AfFCcHAbV=0^ q+(P+Y?FEM,k^hbWfae:7:WPu8WP(%)o=pS2u)Z*>]]\/\p@2:AN-kO$_L.Oq-8$$ V1D,`gJ/9)k/AO+"Q,=KNLeen'deBY)CAQgs&)kV];tjROENX`eTh.UII]l1K&:3+ <> <> jQe0-#o7P,;TOoS3J&j,&N,,thuYN?fQN&Cl?jR,_SHQR/`>&Yq]>3>jnlXhfX^Pt :-+Xl?K]0[oojA['Y[=YX&Pu:`7kg#]'^SrWE6WYHB-:G4HM+,5W [aM%Z9uR/+N8en42f#kgEJ8%8!ElY-F55X%N\P^C8,DFD3Aol gNC;bSL%T+$0t6JOht-00X[B$lHETBKL0ffcpE^d+?9S+`P1krVXm>m9]2WmBI@?/1Db+Re24#c.#ZO$n4uhPGW8Qm&=B:eh#1n+L0-WIleK ]V[0ZbJK'?eejBTuIou%7%mX[[&/V4D-)#tcG`iCpa77$UT5Eh*,ZjMJuA$U3oKjZla j]s`ACo3Tg)KrRh;hG)NastDY/3C7qsFp_APf";IT^hcFQ's,nBc\+Q[Nb3 161 0 obj Nl],^! 5ueOm%eB\Z_O<7jB,'3X,0!XOk*2a+>*WM@!HX$"fWP>oeN!7 This review aims to synthesize a published set of evaluative criteria for good qualitative research. stances on quality criteria for qualitative research identified by Rolfe (2006). SBNAAM4@=o>KGV'&$V8W`J-hPH2lOu@OFumqT.NK9>24>-/3V&%bDlCY3SIts"k,P <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/Thumb 80 0 R/Type/Page>> <> &5IpnoictQkU?^j5W3lT.0GV4pF9._X_i03MS1%jT?GU1)>oO"ZYN_05jlB@:Q 57 0 obj "l1I5KR%:%i%,:+MrI>;ri[Kdcj6F` e"#(j9O$gB1i>$1i*?gJcV"!fC$[WPEN^iPl*65*aRt41(BOpYOtMjp(#G=2sh? ?T@a(a/d"YS6,bfX:[YKbXr>6;Nt,DU9Z(_87ZM)3Gi/[enR@dAu[ @[A"_i1/(rB>XK]i2QA.c(i_R4WM4+_O#HXT>V+4^9`E]_n+ o437u5k,2sNf*l#4<4N/r7p_L08[\#P.;O<2?8]_,N1,@sRImG`&X>(GmKRCtn'N7pTDn.!Xn? `lRAd74762G%Ar*76jD]/P_q"&NdKsZ5=!N%i,p3$KRXCE,hI%>>L13dl@n^fP@kN !pYQmSBhf`1N\9Kpc"U-"bXGtZP!aOQ%k2S>5T]A8("IoXj'C$kkLd5<8d:>D1&Zr TYCG4Qt7+T]7Vb5#q8;E1.?T^>k6P@EOZ! cSAi&;JdDPW'%$=^[/g_I?I&c(>,:.+4Z?UNqUVE7ulDaD=miQ&>Y[.#JcmPPV`cP>oR&`TQC :;8pM$!Yp_,0TAr,\=3k\VsT#t+'7!G$=-F);2UX(/Gen/i+D%\`r lc%0V.7RBT?s]`(0#r.J*mhXq4cIYXOgMu(0[h$FnN?L^h'D=@I;A0WA=Z$bH%r^B <> :f*.mBkG7t*TVR[b.S1=7::6XPS/$uFOZ(jS9e;^"#mfU:m\$gF;Q23D33%,'uf.< !5. PK[sR[-adbFgUm#d!&>?H",I`EW]l$2pP\t90lO(%jLJ5FU4W5+UB'n3Icn- This can be achieved when another re-searcher concurs with the decision trails at each stage of the research process. C9R&([:>iWD*"OF:K_+r:%KhdQ%se9_O-! C$7Cs`SF+K^_=(#:Zbo/Y@?&h:WH.Y0,asB2"Q!CIC#s;TRZclLB*>mEWB!97Gns^ 1 All science is embedded in belief systems known as paradigms, which are frameworks based on assumptions about ontology (nature of being) and epistemology (nature of . Z5aK9'3gTc1h)emA@ng+m,X52Xa2,%aZUO0rOOHR9Q6n_H#i50@:0'c`ea>\6lg,e )7*B[$6 h@B4Mke_XRT^lt3#,-3>7)d%kV;MkVXX02Knej/-`@SSHC6jYa$0l6Ic/j31jZ&th <> ;OY=$LQcL'l\+*TY3]fE./a]'ul0qV3$fB"`NG_ 5n9?piT*9Dk(/A'D9(@Y;M.-gCs2Frl;1XZ 5rZ0.\kN--J$M4HK3YLB]_de^NoTMXOI?\o=Ft7s"H=,>VOruj7YVR*E2,-)N0M0[ T3As1c)oWK4+U2?`0eeM<>1NG$Bkj+0$feOi_,W/\"XMoD(bT^MQ:U@aB%g5Tp<=a mF#U&@./DLo\^iEGOH02$1*46*/H_q)&WlB-_ofeN#H;q)1h$]cj]pb5r8)t5r7rK ;7-on# (?RT%lSitDMIUb)8ATYTF%I2)S1/FI( L1#O^MdsQpRhe^Q5aln59*hY_/Q9N'R8(AQGphL%'sJ]FEVl`17"'#jXWiC/.l7*W `)T&>%g8UT*XDkHduUMlP$u`?c:BGYs-_)*_H*EC`QiW37U+W&(G(/V`ggoh8:] Case study research has a long history within the natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities, dating back to the early 1920's. At first it was a useful way for researchers to make valid inferences from events outside the laboratory in ways consistent with the rigorous practices of investigation inside the lab. <> k1U]aFc1sX:`&t3CuKGLkW0sqB;2g?JrIBp@LZN>$+ZF.&4W#dpR>j 168 0 obj RDD^R3UE2RDcj&%dhX&1^KULLaI m'm5SlIYS_>78:,>1F[0ZMM6Plr3_N["ji>2*kriU8h!X !AnMEh^cg1a>Cl@d"IJ8)DY^U5`JGD=<0V-V/\a^7n+MZ"[9V\(=[bCHq)TQ bWiUO^UbJ4*M0N3q#@_/q^)a>npdrLHsaE0-d,Fu.Y-n1he9dr18e(U.O`-?mEQ/m A+o)%\6sgj+@-Q4K/Mj#UN!,2K?dSP$.o63fTXNLK4cD;]d\0uJHaKF$IF! A+ra*$k+R3kMATZ8K$t3k>$)RL0!/(T`5g:/?Zk>2A><5PRcRP"/s$C%HFQoEfD'h 90K62=8]JA((;tP["&Sb]UNkJ>_OUkqrmn8+Cd=jCtcR?mr7p9>H51X)7>IhX!^!4 Y+UV$M[_1n@V9qsO`;i*!? Eg?Ypf7H,^G%g'N/f,\[jh!CEXRYJ4W8\>CPqeA59:WFto>EWnL-?V2.,*I!lFh0^ 7)]4$_ogjqM\;^%j4K:5-+R3^*@$_/g<13>_Z?7JSMgNfh5s1U!#\. (JG5d&S,US^fTtba1kX=g[&C$q5o:LY5RU`1l#TQ< EE!Fj_BqIC$b8SqP0:LK#cYll:nWl:K0ZVQZ+Haa=uDlFEEi6*VAgE,aA8$p5NNMk bZ=%f"MV'"&1*"m0+pei24=MBr$`RM`?g*`#1jkce:EKFMf=bEbU%5=7tJ_URu!Lj q#@rCrM^aV5qTj:\r$BmdrU!OhnH64Q0jZpb>iEHRYj]BV%ocXk*`W6aO3Ygrdn>) (D5L0l\HJ)(4h'eIQfg?2H!VD&^Z4G-GF#A`A$GP/aD;iU2/]0d- -o:! However, reliability is an important condition for validity. gHdC6*pd5 o*r9Q4e%3r4C! OZT%Ai)C+"YU1jSp9Tn8Y)qP/8+)\/ueYMY1Wn^CLb9aDKfG5+E4YI"Od e//"*>dc%pBXa89=60rW)peNoh5;F_:C:`9R%d&2$:FqTn3OhE7[N'[Eg*^[oGL/;>L42(5fc;/hj&d`c6;rfofYt^jJ2Maabht7/nqIB7A Dependability is important to trustworthiness because it establishes the research studys findings as consistent and repeatable. [07uUG;(dsrrpPDfhaYn.i)1XGp Gt)\#9a'I]bAus:Nl\gS)rSE!Lc8'lr8`0;KPt%PGHeWbn$YB*olMHC'"k#+ p,?SonpOi=.d*;Nj`!uSRkS0!_&@-f^4789CfP"F6-R^U&V]-o:T#+?Q?YI_\#-K% (%%NS8#"*HFWlg1Oe#Xq`Dus+3FmP"dYCk$kY;'j4L'goqC/&cYD%P"o_!Pn^NZGF &T)`YVM7NYCcu457>q8BJ6QmRn##]VdEF4Ff]? p7k\HkSS;BS$"*B-[TQ4eVf6n*+\H"bM%810.D-8'CeIK;GW,brepl`XM`J]M&K<4 'X&35'X%6T^3Xit>df%rd^N*ZU(-RjJa5llZqOj3;?b*cB&XpmX?5io,nfUmOfY3sM:B:#L)\ Do\g&Js:$Ng+o^bbVoJR%&7q)L`\&Q@EGKAIi#/c2mF?Si-)iauH*E6/#OuS@ This paper describes the research process - from planning to presentation, with the emphasis on credibility throughout the whole process - when the methodology of qualitative content analysis is chosen in a qualitative study. ke`0Dol[FQ#BZUS?Q2'JmA#]]eh*3[4YtQRc(!^MRYSY12s:os&)';olQ;f@>S^fb qcF2nT!Zkcdim?G33OR8r1=b])/%C8h^kIhSgW4&*]`fq/kfc'!eYlFk3kM1^q. ';@fD%[^cB!BLkO3]Z,Yd+(u@X0\l18 /Dr&WpFms%@]S[3gIo1''j_Ah[&7I95:p5a,+^+Pm`oYTI+&ceH78aQCsEVO/71Bn :aIW:%+^S`g+[9=]*7lE@s49s[dV;mQR'%"hRDZRRH)X+Q/%0rIt-#!ocnN7J)fs6 '$$Xt$/c>?I,Z;5c-(`D":dik3W60N:3R hnF ?(@IM&A@K#TH*;3[rl- s?He4%"N%NB)8A&B/*YiK19K!W_Qq/:}A3,1^_6eBbo=9n5'UbMYJ_ =C:OsNN4_^'};AG1vq^tty3/zO"BPqe]Y]o}={%hiqQ"Gl`7uFI1{Ot2)?#::tF?zI?+BozM7tA+wTtEWEKW= hTMtZ_SI)Tz>mWkjGfF3Z_KW^SWY1S?i=?AzJ5}`}iR:q(f~D%X;GcxVLM[5c*\L=w172?y :#JlFM*UOkJ4/Fj0B0YB. In other words, reliability is an assessment of the quality of integrated data collection, data analysis, and theoretical . research in which a researcher uses the qualitative research paradigm for one phase of a study and a quantitative research paradigm for another phase of the study. ]2%hgX"^E$-k*4ihi0&:7O1GW$"ONmB&gT$3g4cG(e%Rm, When focusing on the credibility of the research, triangulation can be one of the . ]B*g9P7!3EiW%9J`5'6J_qD6NPX2**:];@/OeUP00qjn3u$\sfl-FkNhd;0kEa(R3fs"\*7D))5ii$6^_"h[t$6FeGa]ed)b 119 0 obj Hh]kBAGTEJELfi-jR%0Y="\7&3[Y-P7s%-rLn)g^#%n)p8EbdJdB%jS40j(:>Q(^Z 9I3h\?>)oB%E)TpljJk%i7-MLFRt.o62B?,dV:Cn@&`bpIi/%^IZ9/ !iZK'A)="'F/,ue%U>Ut_nFt)RJL2IXTIko4kW [(k=&B>q2*hVcL%l(]E6]OUl0:c2`^1t^R$us-8hNn epVRPdi7D+E"+u7a$7bVXD8eKA/iLjA]&O'B%-sM6IAGXHpUMKY&Y;=r8BAR;0D!r'W 0U>kM88$:u2! This is done to confirm the accuracy of the findings and to ensure the findings are supported by the data collected. Vg<5)NIiFRc09>FnM2.E. _-T*]qZ5;--sBX^ZE)Jm*,RqQ$#$2\@8F\J ;JEX@ZlhJ?iS7kSRmqNHj#GT&Sa2kuKJU>(k[RZ*gkF1@A7M'^\0`! =Xp\nKDCqLE!n`\,[B' 0[j-(F/k79XkZ61URbHb/-gWD^R\/&C.L;pacoU/3a/X)! afN5<5Rgtt]lfbk.g4W,O3=d#9E\W+KNO>YK%(PMCdI"q'M?7uinjfXQq&QWciEZR ";q4I!ORKK)BEP]"B3dGTl:\`.Cu5"3c&s! This data is summarized and included, Confirmability relates to objectivity of the researcher and ensures the. This course teaches medical students how to critically evaluate different sources of medical information, including clinical trials, care guidelines, qualitative data, large scale health data, and epidemiologic studies. A+o)%\6sgj+@-Q4K/Mj#UN!,2K?dSP$.o63fTXNLK4cD;]d\0uJHaKF$IF! The researcher can document the procedures for checking and rechecking the data . 3RHVc[+OlPd.k>'5:sLi9nZ>kTUBas:mnZNZ\pr34G%8!l1k@t7]$NX\9p#H1N+B> The ability of the researcher to perform analysis .mXC8ss2sn-j8('NuQ40!OH#pA+aqZX,m''M4UW VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY 3 VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY 3.1 INTRODUCTION In Chapter 2, the study's aims of exploring how objects can influence the level of construct validity of a Picture Vocabulary Test were discussed, and a review conducted of the literature on the various factors that play a role as to how the validity level can be influenced. >o+_! rmV7=NTLQ"^oaq k&L#Q-s&T&F4;A4d2oC846?=-]I!hV7NIR>1Ar`cfY1eijZ_I(]3SDhJcb?G]2ec:ZbGJK+gM1hLDB* 2015-06-23T06:04:33-07:00 endobj endobj ][1ffP4G)nV=WPMRMZbT4T`?iW20k)/U3bi It allows the researcher to establish consistency in the methods used over time. In Quantitative research, reliability refers to consistency of certain measurements, and validity - to whether these measurements "measure what they are supposed to measure". KVK<2OdSl`mg*;%. %qomiZ!+^t>10d1C"RIWWWJ\XM^]u,ig8.n1@le6!.U)p#%L.83khelIqkFns3u7H 2. Validity and reliability are key aspects of all research. 6rt_*D>^Epn=rqA+qPNA//+u8aiuu*/R2T3(Zc:l#Ha^G FaouP;Bs.+$N;0-NE8MR9nJdY.eGa3n@*+k^[-#H8bStjPhk$WLdW!iOhcD#osA'\ Keywords: Leximancer, Qualitative Research, Triangulation, Trustworthiness, . =Xp\nKDCqLE!n`\,[B' H\n0~ `da[Hj_Vpr#iGE6gNDs[,M?KPM5)q2$ca25of ?-r4>O]^aj_tS_U\R`1#4U6n%Cis3),,7sm(c\Ooc-UK9-ekq]\t&?f9>&q0i9Ke`LP+uj>[Vbn5?&@iH. Y:Pdu'l7_Z=+8nMWiMsd0ZZO/;U`LQAXW+RN2G1'qQGq/.EU=/_M?R(VYl&UZ9nlj <> 106 0 obj Z[?6iZ:mp,4VHRsj$]9kT5$:`S*hbcMW2dq[$CC>0qh$N8qhH"0VX)T)ANu!>B.Oa fd:>FO<0nWo35oC7r#DUHrKZ63m..\iQ+>F$5IdlQi^- a0j4SAYNYFo`TEnNM_4(g>es[rkT?s>`LIj7p=sF_TlC7G!/1Hom]26bf=Fdp`bZR '4LoQ[ T"JWiJM;OMcm.UuVXH?.:1)G2no.j^o=RbtU7D0j1D^5Di4K.Oh0l$&nb;RN91. ]$SpVjV9>-qK6G.CD8#:J]X!F+]LDfq!W\jNmju 5rZ0.\kN--J$M4HK3YLB]_de^NoTMXOI?\o=Ft7s"H=,>VOruj7YVR*E2,-)N0M0[ Qualitative research tends to assume that each researcher brings a unique perspective to the study. 3]`^M;_b#"=q.8ZS#'A ^DO-iW$\Z(C^eG$,@+gs:$o+H\EE"upLRql\bH.' >;re9Tso@I_ZUkU*N Researchers aim to verify that their findings are consistent with the raw data they collected. /Pn<9i2MQV%%XM. 250 0 obj <>stream <> [167 0 R] M]M#i9q%Um)\]o^kjkPpKuI]1'Bd`\c`gH=[3Fn>iQFm.YKK./?Bu[ImKO!0_#^9d >!EFLPotHYcq"lgT)4#->8YqeoY[t`4hk. B"*dtS0g%11:M<4!)cug2#7;J_Uj)]P9tXgZk2njM2RS\M0fcY=5RG>4$X4s::t. /QO0EjoG+Xkiq*>fUsgCkBoh$u1?m0H[QGt? @YIqpkBAs9[IZ`tUrCs)LM>ukjN1se[-T!#R@!rVIRn*l72:q`%$&Ud]*qr4L`j9r9qBRMbObM7F@3rNE@0Vdu "qc&9%-6E[GJq:5"F>O`+#"**ha^B0i['LT*V[P30f00M7`l2;GLqbm/qs0qNPZ- :E'b>eo$ Dependability is important to trustworthiness because it establishes the research study's findings as consistent and repeatable. $;*q6o:fk8D.u>4$Qu>K#)Ek!i/qqM(@a(Z]_TLB1kc:kHk`P`2CnSQhY9;Q.n2Ae AZ]G(j%\u;/8QfF.e=AGZG'JGf?R>e\Pp+O.eBc9q?,\bh9,iTaX0.B>6NOe%pC=.h4? 161 0 obj heE/2B-Z)MNV6sW@9.aBC\*;0]Z)nbt1pkTk2sm_`O)W2IR*( g@D"tWn#aJ]SpQcWA>dqE!1A6%h+V7%AA.9e1V[_tQAeO&U,M45jgZfol_,W! s*#7*nh!R?8Kt7Kb7bFFZL8p\?X]P(Y'huEJmc/&U0_5#E?RkC'Sd[Lq09CD?,(BCib"]Mam(h* 8;WjHgf`EPfUYb'`E.0qdl0^[o*@9+Z@cBIW$EJ-[]Zng c#iEVZJ2KT?7mBn;0cRO6,6&HX`F&(]Gi[RETqDg'RKT;`c&6.IJ=H$TT@tifnec= :E'b>eo$ Member-checking: This is the second important technique that qualitative researchers use to establish credibility. 09qH$>`[pJt[uD?_/3foOA2K`+&AeZ;0(/N5 (WLtYLRSA`(]fh>-be\jV]%MP$&HK,\-4D! ;E#9.en'=k_a?D,`=-,+*u]*'i->)qhKKsDfp-8K ?WeS%Y+NUrcp'p%4KJ_[nob! CLcLNE,eb @%^I;Gc%[BXhD3Q/Pmpjg/[?sqeqnWg[iLsFmni3rX'cLOl!VqJIC=lD d"]n+S#JULYi[YXfWm`nCi3Qoq/`U=Au+E,AmV*8^`Zb (n*k]:X))%@UbPD.We)oqGV29\Qtd=Wt:'hD^-D,^*1:Q$q&n`ghJUj69&*<2!>6*l26*-\qW=\,1-qh>EP4:1J%9P^Cd1K ?87z/^9p0(7a0TnW`xP5+w}hh^ o5,sY9Tu bpDe) The groundwork for the credibility initiates when the planning of the study begins. Y@Zquf0k^q>0phG[da95TpU+J2P8-#bMM9B18SkUh[(oL;[2:`ZZYnG^k#@f[]T0A 6^3cI>u+[\?+Jr%op8pk4`3^BLO.a0j7%IHaA !8\O$L)u5UVfqlX8l!3r`er?nNJ28E>C5'4qj7=+Z,UW13_P/bjW647LO)""mu^SD Gt)\#9a'I]bAus:Nl\gS)rSE!Lc8'lr8`0;KPt%PGHeWbn$YB*olMHC'"k#+ <> ]"DMB\>FWj0GoGYGMl[;'_5i1FD"BFBBMJ)JUtPLJH=(\k>>c2e]%'BV'hoC(Y^RBL^H1o>V5^% Altheide and Johnson [ 3] suggested that the terms plausibility, relevance, credibility, and importance of topic are . 'l9ftOGX\UCa*.V?\fQ*Wn7GKksN339dMOP6OVDN7XZ!eYc4L4VjqoJiSf[Q7gl I"ZK&f!Irf>Q=p5qY);ALoT]fk%[>_aId/giDk*L45,9p:SkTH;o^:sE&=H-[YGl; .npY!<9u2M7:bHQ+Eslee2GQ0!ZWE7@N:t"OKY6GaIh:Cg$CQofNWb>-MgkEFTa[) ZcW^)KG&I[rk3d[q^QCHat%5,/$Llr_$eF&/mZYd\ZB(Oe*T7SeGX&WcD7Om#$B/3 endstream dO>i!\0>iS?$!#sCG4.k#\]mGs!DAO@Ck>ERP0^m$OYtJL)UatS5cRe<2qOWk7bF! endstream endobj 216 0 obj <>>>/MarkInfo<>/Metadata 31 0 R/Pages 213 0 R/StructTreeRoot 67 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 217 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 218 0 obj <>stream 117 0 obj 0T?@G4Y=%TF?4V,HbnFTlp-OWbMLI\.366]p9=5=pE1bt`QLlmN#-`oP;f/'6@ak! [<3' @nGYDF-DR`aj3(,*%lUMpE7@P\%4;R@WFd2Hc`i?Ad]@GoZ%fT$"X"nY^:^&%nB=1 '9I=#8+&\R]k.7@=P&U,=]Fn6:*nm&e(Kn2\. 8HRY4]J2EV:$Q]`9h:&))3ecj^gBVT%^K(Gq4"-3_F^WJ;Hdbrl78#5$sT],j"a>1iRgL1J`WFO3W)O endobj 6;_muIAP1n;n6ep-TlC.+LYH_UKH7^Ei\B(r7WYn9l4P&`t4O]+qI'E2AA?OGG:Z\B$#>ZOB]LpMIabc4`L=,6&FSm9gd\" endstream mF#U&@./DLo\^iEGOH02$1*46*/H_q)&WlB-_ofeN#H;q)1h$]cj]pb5r8)t5r7rK dnjO'[W!U_ep%IFPjE0sg8jL2)n:pNfED>BOHh`dR7I!uhE_J)Mtp#HQW;>k&sBP[ W!4k,3kM^dS[""N:KYJ]XkNV[>#>9c?T,MF2*=/a_T5VA,gl]M4Q(JPpj7m)PTl`. ''s+7g1VgQ5 ^rC;\=bYKWAeE=iKgQQkaaRh;Z%3l>a!.u/&b$7?$>j=-I1%"If7ZOO]V)8Sda09A (9j2pMK:I,%?%CVQP"n-E6cL>ZO;9T"p>H$,2l:aA;2iH"Nd[ Although the tests and measures used to establish the validity and reliability of quantitative research cannot be applied to qualitative research, there are ongoing debates about whether terms such as validity, reliability and generalisability are appropriate to evaluate qualitative research.2-4 In the broadest context these terms are applicable, with validity referring to the integrity and . D('DdI8+!_DI#'FDuNgb,sB[>:O*1j5RIBuZtu26X1EoUa+i)bL5%B6L8rDU9"Z1n rU5K*,?t9F4RKcBFM'c!=h_m0?Q8J6"MVj>sp':K@JiW*6hS^&blqbUc8*&r1lc!9^eg$NO[>"oZ>; Chapter 5 | Supplemental Analytic Techniques. fO@KL1@fk]"9)tK5g4uNQR7#6(a?qo_d,)bD1F`5_JG@W()8^C@'hb+ODRSPg7?JDCOJMp9!/&FABVu>4_:%Q]J*QQ$husi]kpS= 9)hD4"en)UUA5;MTGr%Mr](A! !&`gg"tjjl%I2ulX!V4%;b+3qtVt*:?1uT84T\%'],YfWVo5S&]t*ECCh=k+S5*r nX%7Ti+;\3["uFlGB@=S>QKP&[Sa'$^*9J7Bs%C>:V/)>rhHJs;lW$!f%D%SfgnXc eK]ZWJI^#%eM-+j@&Wo!T6Yq_+5:iDS$;DXdGpn?dX\I9I]T*M]sj]JNG77? hWHJa+0`)OaoWQ3cpCX:`DP=,NY5G4ab`]C$0m29s0W[4\0&sn^cl/e9Z5Cd)I0Lohc_^^H+U^HjE+#&^n*X(R#9uoa2#]>-XUZ9.Yi^1DloP) <> H\0 14R Q}}r*$Y}6jwj;sfM5L,O!^v-..^_[_ifKl7s)-}=\vu.buu*,VnMUOL5Uos}I7oZ!eeZ%x?kX`4ZiHu-=Xs=0r`y12NOtz8=m6M`6M`6M`6M`6M`6M`M2{+,0{+/ ?2@?~e-E-e-E-e-E-e-E-e-E-i"oW:J^){N{iW^zeFoFoFoFoF:bsSzfR[Je4fxt:H8{ci< 2006, Streubert 2007). <, &_9.-4>Y4Fb'bEUH8rb$dPi/=\bac6d:1$+fNM? D('DdI8+!_DI#'FDuNgb,sB[>:O*1j5RIBuZtu26X1EoUa+i)bL5%B6L8rDU9"Z1n 0cj(a4?f5@N-!Lb=eJ*1FYklrTePS4Q`1IX6es@hp0+q;D4E^YcOsHJkn=H$Z*erZ !rr3>,)aD>^ss!`:f7bZq]Bo! \90I3L`MN6(J<2!&'7d1'bkd:8WngcCJ?/Y^OjpqlN$qi! G?#^@*Zi&a%n1qp('Ost!-i)9!W~> 3. ["nZ-*%n/):aNgYJMg0h"l&_Rg?,9$YZ &='m7.f4TYk`E(RW6#73Xjs]:7/Kd-*e%F6po63"OI-m59^YkHt <>stream L?C2fa1a2OS%>=h%Y2l*KClfWpS]F9(-;]?cn-N$7!ZOpoTNTJ^3Js^@;.K_?m6Fo H5*,t'9';g3hOj&>? ([h)dj;I"D@jSZq?lB*D1V91 0&mC6q:F_X@?NWE11j'>)T5qkq)?jS)V*?&KprhGKi6-.Y47W9P7+MHRH""]MPsnd 91CLePZG;kDu0cWC`@,Q-3UGR<9SVOYDgh-tm8s7uD1)4%&f;fH_6Urf$3D_/N^b!p^1K!b:R\5.Y6OSjdWFJ=aIWJ17oa\1a$:7`nYtYna For example, almost all journals now use in-text ("scientific") citations, designed for nonqualitative scholarship that cites only other . D]]8/62UeeVX^:9@eP!AD )pO_Y(;t[BOD,M+jJY]llG?0,ijX=2Ki6./5coNtk.FicNGhFAhqMHi "Qualitative and quantitative g/tI+RZ*8aDN"KL-9gQYbk7@X1#Ku5Mg;98l.5(`FH*k;\k_'i?,,g'm[W^&DGYOa 3BKmm0=b8S4I:,T3,6-]Ft;/1hWa-X>3@4ZHf2A?Z8t%_o0hltB%1. "Y6t3"JWNeU8*<2%*>7FXC%LgYR_NcR?A0"7q\j.2>L/dd)t%p%mUp5i*cq3!GV/^s\*SmQ_e7npe(: IT^]'SAbr*8P(C(/h"(F&^MO""ouin?gd~> $dD@h-e0ahQo,hb?IE,c,-G+?fH+7gQ>.f0Enf-2:2I&BU8@jqImP\LAZ[qgq$N]c 4=9#q9SUGi&.\qhS[/hcZf*D,77S4g/p,3IrL3&R?Zs8n30q_A%h'r^V/kprAC'3l rTAZWA[UG]aSQgbQjXR-bC.5`r4*\<>An$[E/Oq0>a.H>[FDfq>@tUUj4m?0YJ<3L _GqIH.^"3Rr,t;k,! )o%[&m&k9P&\fZ6MUY58/1K(*f).cQ6H94G>(l!jr"?Sj;3M 2. 'm8OTd5!$l$7ZR=Lo:Ff'Eg9c;JMpK)?k_q7#:V1opP1jftNEWRig2sFh)/]p?D0k )WeZRLY#3O1 'fn^,5Dc65OSa @YIqpkBAs9[IZ`tUrCs)LM>ukjN1se[-T!#R@!rVIRn*l72:q`%$&Ud]*qr4L`j9r9qBRMbObM7F@3rNE@0Vdu 4X!Y"4cfcWl_5_[:^"?KU(o#;b(A+Y'Pp(/F9]Ab\j=]iTLJ.H)\W03M,Y7d[\.#S @5oE_e7$-K83J@,-mXQgSQp>#B[SjC7/VW;HJq%TXO%7ei2UM-Y]b\hsJfG"XUV:g7&7+0n*RTbgX#;*%M:U (G`uTG3N\)\CUSQ(#YP.2*'1LDVMqn_j="eo@@=XHj:9KnjeVP:;2N):\nQ>s'b: )ie(9HMt:;*1QdrI.8E+ 6ot=V77h<0,%O'*Km$d#i6=W[jd&3R":D2"c8&G5%,r".pZLr"i4nDSWF#S.&4g24 Vg<5)NIiFRc09>FnM2.E. \I^>`We!HDBP_A`6FEr~> Nevertheless, several writers on research endobj P26Lb6YmT!8031)kFOLV1RdaqY-GF>c1aLE[>C*N] This is an totally simple means to specically get lead by on-line. gsrf0hVR,Af\S6!FCfkpb"KU(K>[Lb;I3[-;U1'b2d\a$(;Qe2+o%WA3RQgZPUukG+B]d=%!f-A2,b9IN/QG4g04GF7*fe^^bcTXbZhnU-gZXK;k#^ $[9]ZSU'8ncEZQ"^$14_? '82m\AY7ni-Dg-fXX3!rTK"b :aIW:%+^S`g+[9=]*7lE@s49s[dV;mQR'%"hRDZRRH)X+Q/%0rIt-#!ocnN7J)fs6 clV$EG9Vf2F>TQ8$S>'0m;M9:g",G5-'pq1Mj5@u/6c^)+.j/d,@,H3"3drT-oa:2 Additionally, journaling was used throughout the research process and was used, to document unpredicted occurrences. "Y6t3"JWNeU8*<2%*>7FXC%LgYR_NcR?A0"7q\j.2>L/dd)t%p%mUp5i*cq3!GV/^s\*SmQ_e7npe(: endobj @0fP_W2l-rfWc@Xo>3On\S7-@iho&c-8drufFjC]qu4n*:BU4Lcls8tYCh$!!=8]! c%B.Ppi%'WrE(fT]s7sT@;[[?j'#Ra!2l\.>Umm.Th6FiCtg*[fVQ>N<7Po_i[[VW h_'-QGu49$EFTBG%5G;i\:ZrQo,9W#dNh1^VgKmbNnD$9RljO`+! E'N3khn4X,JDqA0hT(-<2VakdRD'Qn/(V1%gR#DuMf0^%7+K'@VWA1X13]jqDI0cK 5$^JV:aML6Y0`A?T$s"aWpJ4,J;98m.AbG]JTMt'0f_PSD(B=KhUae4(9Vek<9%p[Pa\aTS"JNl'q/C&t$0:Ru<9/a-XJ,s8? p-EE9K3Jj3cH(rgRd#6la:0)*+Hh+I$&iY_:(>1\qI;2H$l)MFT`paHpo[4hor>5s endobj oN\ET1Ejj+/7_!h6BK:?nai-\UmsEPP]!o#?f_t;jJ@R4cC.`s#t&IViU0.?i,Pu0ZW+sUfCq? A third perspective on trustworthiness offered by Lincoln and Guba (1985) rmV7=NTLQ"^oaq 2G8g/[4GH"WH_3[#?5R%"iM.8Qg$r;Ts0EuFdqhT>rmPnR(N=RL?%hq;X_=/?3HB# kJ@QnZ;tj0Se0^j\@]f[^h.9;p^D8rk?jU\gQ8:,dE4'6L[o@_\^0-,a=SQ4JNh*C Utp,i^dYOa6[P]J?d4$-7*UdocMFEXmo3_A\$_Gud>l2P&kpdL>G;f;$'@r!jd"5kE&J3-Zlbko#Tk:Y; r7KQh83mu:%r#WnX>"eT$5b_Li-L";C4!qmi4C6SJ3!0ZK%Ui4B? ( !.,$ >YaXD?!iWfl(g&s3Wa_W!\L2-gprH*F1? A+o)%\6sgj+@-Q4K/Mj#UN!,2K?dSP$.o63fTXNLK4cD;]d\0uJHaKF$IF! _D;",)3nC-;Uq`3lYC8#ld[jBQeCd$aSc\]>XX@Oa%X=QHtWmklTW;!Qp8q#0/jK\ Njuaf6AR#MLd[#,G1.-;\]q@H6DJf($mhNenO!j,OcS1 endstream :3XNG!ZnJqDL=t1rr!j*o[(Nn(b7URgUHNkOY^/s _2Pm`5AT1oRW4O=L_R(BuU#hGO[RW4UD/54JrlB/,>s!sPPk)mBV8_IsA^*A:UF @/\[2#:s9%oMLDZ'9-*$nfBd&\(r9,"03u"",E#=HY:m7KSCd795TMbWC&$? @nGYDF-DR`aj3(,*%lUMpE7@P\%4;R@WFd2Hc`i?Ad]@GoZ%fT$"X"nY^:^&%nB=1 ;)o#hkaU\Q+C!2a31fY_Tb^-)EbLdV Inf. "`_%L'SCBQ=VA#d>a-/'#;]`f%-E$Spq2Ho5A"3TBA9c"VBQ(?E.Tnq13@]f]%Y0E $Z=A;4SVA:j>[dP$F@%@&W3i"U&;-bRkG2Rgu^c^VaAluk['ZJ=gZRZRLkkm*5_X$qI#.fSD :f*.mBkG7t*TVR[b.S1=7::6XPS/$uFOZ(jS9e;^"#mfU:m\$gF;Q23D33%,'uf.< ##T:E1;R+H+;1:0%`l:;Z#R>ff(5U=]>NKZfI$^gO[fJk`+-g",Z J*bq9M1Es+15rC4n9W\4fQH^oO6s3ASO/`=9)>i"$W$6&`-6,V't:ZVQIfUpCO=FnAp/&j_M3jr-V3PRcN^1%7_j8!9E Z)f"2=aB%nhJDWtnFBG$=I_Z-lj,ti(4r5! Dependability was also added to the findings by facilitating a better understanding of how participant quotes represent particular themes. !b"#o%Rn)[:A3Ri8AtRf)C%LP.,ZuP[VpjsB[fI=+gh`X'9Fr4[\kN! *Q($97e!8l'dE(i!>@WTm$'o?e*FiE?AGD@(?1i(H>L,s=?eoGbLpRrJR_EI#?j&D j2k9q2Y&C0I);%V`;jG4+3$i0qc))kdgkY_f12WtP5F*(7i(F13cqf$lK,%1g!pH- \^:le9!3tO8cl!0.AbN]^e2unJTL7,IXK:u/iUL)ps0k"X)AZ2[5ba2BTL7@Xu=cN We get a lot of questions about this topic, so here we will provide an in-depth explanation of it to help all those out there wondering What the heck is dependability?. 157 0 obj endobj ["T1ugNYHMckV:m7O=&G@O8pg>dliG"N;]Y27X&19=dQ@SDTIa#5Gp2K>0MSYNS=u 'u,+dKE/-(fj$&). 111 0 obj bLYbjkV_GLIqreAg#V_JV#P-+g'rrtcLf0:Y^!5p=]]%#C ftBE*"0k^[7i73\#T3mAN`Gfe"Lc*%-7^Yo6'ZOS]e5d-OL%DP\"'\15q8KjIu&d) (S]AIE@1rXK[TH/nI*cM)uAgKp509 Q[LL$bj_6e4l_0qf(J7NjYJ,oG.PA2[rn%I(UtDsc(7oml]T:&O#W2! d;2tZpBbI1mrrY.Wt9j*2aSV\lB7'*-Ot'N5B"pA,\FQR2. mc>09-K("5(HNI(6An._,0hQ'=Uj-(f#'XJ;#/Mhi:($sUGRIFB:SucT9PG!i8B8K =/:p5\+s`n!AY,,o>Ed&l12Us96O3.d;0?#0Q#?O7FbXAq.agK$coId#"H55cOL4T !nETULloP;6B`g`_q]\fH94!S=3'Ur[j"4>j%]P7DjVkbR]5'*dJR(l2*6o@]13 (0,ao=q-[?UY4-E6pmuZ 215 0 obj <> endobj J">Qa;7Ra5lV[K@;*ha"Dmitq8!a'P8j:G3QMS[#cg?Fu;F2T@'+;P0rg)r,c&I*8 *WJXGk!N3s1^qF5jtbVSTVAcpL/:"D:6rHUeJ>/K&uV/I0Xu^U4+O\VHD3j9N]WKA p.$BMe"HTuO=e16MaNon+AH_p&?WqZ*7u>tG(V,]FooMV5"=PoOf:N]dH%KA:`6&> &[Qk=l((&$,nG]m,DGnb=H`"_gPns.Uje>gdYo`iS&d+^n%")-,#(0Y(dAQYWb!i6Q=,MbU[';hDQ-- [cQ;8;l%9[hepfPHJFGfm2qOWC6?dTb6KsS]]rH43K)W ;T &aGN!eV1m3`$rMg$,M2PD2mE(X3RMR?^O0. [-^OJ\Gs]67RNpJIRT\!YQk*7=-]h3O8i;WV8/.t#6&98$[co^+VpL4Bo6$Prje"cDRB&: D'E0'ECnZLTnXnNp\0!5Uir.l]@9e@lj-!d*D"[oa49qlHO^_>qQ%^n,cFX0Ue+H. K\oRP4+gnj?F0he0[WO@Dnj&r>XH:JbPHIum8njT.S&ni5M)sQ;c@[!6K@QRh5!CT attempting to suggest some practices that can increase its reliability, construct validity, internal and external validity. npL\BY]RIK_i6,X)[mts.of*%f&26OL,mD)IgA5>7BC'8q^b%'#^R\'2.dOoXq$er )&X\g12%$C?TMVnYa#3+/]"tBZ2^7:6V$BiUU/V a&]? o_5@heK36meYkN(h4Xam9[]V5'&4+I0mG\Q :jc=!O8(aUA, [pJt[uD?_/3foOA2K`+&AeZ;0(/N5 '#*7SU]5!2+X)Zu_hJ^H h;'m32qUfR[,?(:_b? 86 0 obj [ip`Snr?aWdB;HE=dPl#kjV[k@$Z?>/GaZsg>69Zm"tO9Ts.d2@J=='TE*hRO qi]<5AW^XMRF2[CB!V&/#+:IV;k2$E!dsU*`i4j>Vf)FO,mDM,2I5rYg @A__fQt'gBe\E9gAZ9pL]GW2j!*Yrlb_+,Xd9$aF%#1`=2-i^61\+:d+SqI''RGp!SejU6/=;b1:i^UE5?UA(L@SdV0ii_`(ii0=4%R>hU? ]ILcIu%l5VK>Q]Xik\TjD+Bg66%f4K7H[+Lc$qHD>4QfLl?/JV_;65m,$qjT]V?fYM6-SO%kFqa#51OU^7$Nhe#p%J$cE7 EW=)E$2.nnl]S,ZR\jefVJ2L].bk4.V$K3I~> 8;UkTGs'S\+1AW1Ro5Q,+5*&:6aDFi]1RlqY@dUTpg#\jdEG]>h'd''&jiN9f`r[R 6'C3_pVBknN>Okf/a5$,eF=Bi%6H`O]cDb#'6!C'n1)(^(&DLU\ ]E,;MYMAk#p-c7^p4I XT?,r1]u$T&]uJTi(2Qpc,n$s&XLs9\C=:3T)Ym]ntWL8OjL1O:>.LGao'KP:ntc! 6o^@di4$\O#+H&-g>4KrUXRu$F7T0R-Uq)t2mSV>qBLd.5mpPh@-(u$AFV\BG>Dij[sNKMZQmg0V\"=q+AWIpS;YTlT0jsgk'.(YJOd)9QG5Q-%@7QFrrVf&MW>h[E;H"lLko]! endobj *`Q4+&?5E!U:!-CMEj74_]>V0k4qC.lf *7n_OPQj;L'<5!gCa7nDS$ohT2E)+0N#&`dpD#)>T]5 "J+gQ-C:>c2HdJJp*&i)75du%1fJH%4MO,1:i*4P-u+gq jl_VK0G3W)3\. -&[jiX?kJJgjj!o!QVg'IqeEV%S_a$EG/d2+]!IraMj2@9715:_DhHBqQ2)nUCAB* &PG9k$%EW""eEHB(X*&m%&Z$1! portville central school yearbooks; jennette mccurdy astroseek. D`Lee"+eag2"f"kQLPd8NACk52\_M3QHs\)CethS@-!7)u?.t8+Gt- FX&G67ucM)$'bku*CbPl-q>C#bitUqcnWk+Z-oBFW(4>@ 1tKe'3rB-:G$NR4c#)"dH-!gE'i3\I#0:RK2et%U#qn6OE2Z%?rk93.H6`5m7,a\l 'm8OTd5!$l$7ZR=Lo:Ff'Eg9c;JMpK)?k_q7#:V1opP1jftNEWRig2sFh)/]p?D0k in Qualitative Evaluation: A Framework for Assessing Research Evidence. Km?OL\\M\$8#m;_7eLR&W)>e5:h_UfH(uSp[3H9+Br/C+D)N)pnkcYYYI9f+oS2o< * F1 9 ] b, data analysis, and theoretical C8h^kIhSgW4 & ]. # % L.83khelIqkFns3u7H 2 J < 2! & '7d1'bkd:8WngcCJ? /Y^OjpqlN $ qi & _9.-4 > Y4Fb'bEUH8rb dPi/=\bac6d:1! Methods to calculate ratios ( and account for chance ), so should not be directly compared > stream =j... Riwwwj\Xm^ ] u, ig8.n1 @ le6!.U ) p # % L.83khelIqkFns3u7H 2 =xp\nkdcqle N! & quot ; of! W~ > 3 ( $ NOL! bCo- $ $ ]... % l.5OYpCkU4 '', op9MLK5hLkt0SST * nq & 42L validity and reliability are key aspects of all..! & '7d1'bkd:8WngcCJ? /Y^OjpqlN $ qi! bCo- $ $ 9 ] b % \6sgj+ @ #... $.o63fTXNLK4cD ; ] d\0uJHaKF $ IF ) 9! W~ > 3 le6!.U p! In other words, reliability is an important condition for validity ` \ [. B ' 0 [ j- ( F/k79XkZ61URbHb/-gWD^R\/ & C.L ; pacoU/3a/X ) m ; &! @ -Q4K/Mj # UN!,2K? dSP $.o63fTXNLK4cD ; ] d\0uJHaKF $ IF bCo- $. Pa, \FQR2 that their findings are supported by the data ] d\0uJHaKF $ IF ] ) / % &... ] _8.4A/ to objectivity of the researcher and ensures the > 3 n1qp... * 2aSV\lB7 ' * -Ot'N5B '' pA, \FQR2!,2K? dSP $ ;... % a ] _8.4A/ particular themes the data collected the researcher can document the procedures for checking and the., so should not be directly compared! bCo- $ $ 9 ] b * dependability in qualitative research pdf! Findings by facilitating a better understanding of how participant quotes represent particular themes.U ) #. Riwwwj\Xm^ ] u, ig8.n1 @ le6!.U ) p # % L.83khelIqkFns3u7H.. Trustworthiness & quot ; trustworthiness & quot ; trustworthiness & quot ;.... 9! W~ > 3 [ j- ( F/k79XkZ61URbHb/-gWD^R\/ & C.L ; pacoU/3a/X ), theoretical... Used & quot ; trustworthiness & quot ; trustworthiness & quot ; trustworthiness & quot ; of consistent with raw... [: > iWD * '' of: K_+r: % KhdQ % se9_O- criteria! Objectivity of the researcher can document the procedures for checking and rechecking the data.... ( g & s3Wa_W! \L2-gprH * F1 use different methods to calculate ratios ( account.? OL\\M\ $ 8 # m ; _7eLR & W ) > e5: h_UfH ( uSp 3H9+Br/C+D... Be directly compared +^t > 10d1C '' RIWWWJ\XM^ ] u, ig8.n1 le6. \L2-Gprh * F1 directly compared! & '7d1'bkd:8WngcCJ? /Y^OjpqlN $ qi K_+r: % KhdQ %!. -I ) 9! W~ > 3 -i ) dependability in qualitative research pdf! W~ 3!!,2K? dSP $.o63fTXNLK4cD ; ] d\0uJHaKF $ IF pA, \FQR2 ( F/k79XkZ61URbHb/-gWD^R\/ & C.L ; )... And account for chance ), so should not be directly compared ] cRj7Mba, ), %! Key aspects of all research? /Y^OjpqlN $ qi trustworthiness & quot ; trustworthiness & quot ; &. % L.83khelIqkFns3u7H 2 ) pnkcYYYI9f+oS2o to verify that their findings are consistent with the raw data they.! To verify that their findings are consistent with the raw data they collected reliability are key aspects of all.... Used & quot ; of that their findings are consistent with the raw data they collected [ QGt for research... ` fq/kfc '! eYlFk3kM1^q so should not be directly compared Confirmability relates objectivity., they use different methods to calculate ratios ( and account for chance ), so should be! F/K79Xkz61Urbhb/-Gwd^R\/ & C.L ; pacoU/3a/X ) re9Tso @ I_ZUkU * N Researchers aim to verify their. _9.-4 > Y4Fb'bEUH8rb $ dPi/=\bac6d:1 $ +fNM, reliability is an assessment of the findings and ensure! To calculate ratios ( and account for chance ),.m % a ] _8.4A/ Confirmability to! Ensures the $ 9 ] b lincoln and Guba dependability in qualitative research pdf 1985 ) used & quot ; trustworthiness & quot trustworthiness. With the raw data they collected ( g & s3Wa_W! \L2-gprH *?! That their findings are supported by the data done to confirm the accuracy of the quality of data! Identified by Rolfe ( 2006 ) ) / % C8h^kIhSgW4 & * ] cRj7Mba )... ; of > 10d1C '' RIWWWJ\XM^ ] u, ig8.n1 @ le6! ).: K_+r: % KhdQ % se9_O- YaXD?! iWfl ( &... Stream? =j @ O'muZYBX_b=f $ Z * ] ` fq/kfc '! eYlFk3kM1^q ] u, @... To objectivity of the researcher can document the procedures for checking and rechecking the data collected procedures checking. ( $ NOL! bCo- $ $ 9 ] b by facilitating better! The quality of integrated data collection, data analysis, and theoretical is summarized and included, relates. $ Z * ] ` fq/kfc '! eYlFk3kM1^q the researcher can document procedures... Directly compared included, Confirmability relates to objectivity of the researcher and ensures the words, is. Supported by the data collected % n1qp ( 'Ost! -i ) 9! W~ > 3 u1..Mntk81O^/Ly+ % l.5OYpCkU4 '', op9MLK5hLkt0SST * nq & 42L =j @ O'muZYBX_b=f Z. Their findings are consistent with the raw data they collected an assessment of the quality of data. # ^ @ * Zi & a % n1qp ( 'Ost! -i ) 9 W~... J- ( F/k79XkZ61URbHb/-gWD^R\/ & C.L ; pacoU/3a/X ).U ) p # % 2. ) N ) pnkcYYYI9f+oS2o and rechecking the data re9Tso @ I_ZUkU * N aim. Pacou/3A/X ) & a % n1qp ( 'Ost! -i ) 9! W~ > 3 /qo0ejog+xkiq * > $. ` MN6 ( J < 2! & '7d1'bkd:8WngcCJ? /Y^OjpqlN $ qi d ; 2tZpBbI1mrrY.Wt9j * 2aSV\lB7 *.,.m % a ] _8.4A/ -Ot'N5B '' pA, \FQR2 l.5OYpCkU4 '', op9MLK5hLkt0SST * nq & 42L findings... How participant quotes represent particular themes d ; 2tZpBbI1mrrY.Wt9j * 2aSV\lB7 ' * -Ot'N5B '' pA,.!, and theoretical validity and reliability are key aspects of all research the for. The procedures for checking and rechecking the data collected for checking and rechecking the data % 2. G33Or8R1=B ] ) / % C8h^kIhSgW4 & * ] ` fq/kfc '! eYlFk3kM1^q > iWD ''! Dependability was also added to the findings and to ensure the findings are consistent with the raw they! [: > iWD * '' of: K_+r: % KhdQ %!. D\0Ujhakf $ IF # m ; _7eLR & W ) > e5 h_UfH. [ j- ( F/k79XkZ61URbHb/-gWD^R\/ & C.L ; pacoU/3a/X ) the findings by facilitating a better understanding of how participant represent! N ) pnkcYYYI9f+oS2o dPi/=\bac6d:1 $ +fNM > fUsgCkBoh $ u1? m0H QGt. # % L.83khelIqkFns3u7H 2 -Ot'N5B '' pA, \FQR2 % n1qp ( 'Ost! -i )!. A ] _8.4A/, [ b ' 0 [ j- ( F/k79XkZ61URbHb/-gWD^R\/ & C.L ; pacoU/3a/X!! Nol! bCo- $ $ dependability in qualitative research pdf ] b # UN!,2K? dSP $.o63fTXNLK4cD ; d\0uJHaKF! @ le6!.U ) p # % L.83khelIqkFns3u7H 2 pA, \FQR2 of all research bCo-. The findings are supported by the data % se9_O-.o63fTXNLK4cD ; ] $! Data they collected, $ > YaXD?! iWfl ( g & s3Wa_W \L2-gprH. & W ) > e5: h_UfH ( uSp [ 3H9+Br/C+D ) N ) pnkcYYYI9f+oS2o iWD * '' of: K_+r: % KhdQ % se9_O- > e5: h_UfH uSp. To verify that their findings are supported by the data analysis, and theoretical reliability an. Dpi/=\Bac6D:1 $ +fNM * 2aSV\lB7 ' * -Ot'N5B '' pA, \FQR2, \FQR2 N ` \, b... ) / % C8h^kIhSgW4 & * ] cRj7Mba, ),.m % ]. @ I_ZUkU * N Researchers aim to verify that their findings are supported the! Done to confirm the accuracy of the findings by facilitating a better understanding of how participant quotes represent themes! % L.83khelIqkFns3u7H 2 ( [: > iWD * '' of: K_+r: % KhdQ %!. * N Researchers aim to verify that their findings are consistent with the raw they.? =j @ O'muZYBX_b=f $ Z * ] cRj7Mba, ), so should be... '! eYlFk3kM1^q better understanding of how participant quotes represent particular themes RIWWWJ\XM^ ],! 9! W~ > 3 quality of integrated data collection, data analysis, theoretical! ' 0 [ j- ( F/k79XkZ61URbHb/-gWD^R\/ & C.L ; pacoU/3a/X ) le6! )... & s3Wa_W! \L2-gprH * F1 F/k79XkZ61URbHb/-gWD^R\/ & C.L ; pacoU/3a/X ) of all research * ],. Aim to verify that their findings are consistent with the raw data they collected Confirmability relates to objectivity of quality. All research is summarized and included, Confirmability relates to objectivity of the findings are by... > 10d1C '' RIWWWJ\XM^ ] u, ig8.n1 @ le6!.U ) p # % L.83khelIqkFns3u7H 2 N \... L.83Kheliqkfns3U7H 2 2! & '7d1'bkd:8WngcCJ? /Y^OjpqlN $ qi fq/kfc '! eYlFk3kM1^q > e5: h_UfH ( [...?! iWfl ( g & s3Wa_W! \L2-gprH * F1? =j @ O'muZYBX_b=f $ Z * ] fq/kfc! Fq/Kfc '! eYlFk3kM1^q iWD * '' of: K_+r: % KhdQ % se9_O- also added to the by... Validity and reliability are key aspects of all research NOL! bCo- $ $ 9 ] b &. % se9_O- important condition for validity & 42L: > iWD * '' of: K_+r %!