Countries such as Australia and Canada have similar systems. If Kurdistan were its own country, it would extend across 193,000 square miles (500,000 square kilometers) currently within the borders of southeastern Turkey, northern Iraq, northern Syria and northwestern Iran. Some stateless people are refugees, because they have fled their homeland to find refuge in another country, but not all refugees are stateless. Stateless nations were not protected in all countries and become victims of atrocities such as discrimination, ethnic cleansing, genocide, forced assimilation, Exploitation of labour and natural resources. The Kurdish people are probably the best-known ( and largest) stateless nation, but you've probably also heard of other stateless groups, like the persecuted Rohingya in Myanmar and the Palestinians. Tim Del Gallo 5/5/22 (extension) Global Conservation UNCLOS Executive Summary The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea provided many answers to a confusing question. Multi State Nation - people with a shared culture and spread over several . The Kurds currently reside in Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey, but they have not established an internationally-recognized state based on their national identity. To take an example from Arabic speaking communities of the Middle East. Your oppressor country is now claiming you are not an actual ethnic group, and you never had any real rights to the land. The history books your country uses tell lies about you. National devolution, further autonomy or total secession from Mali. A federal US commission on international religious freedom has alleged that National Register of Citizens (NRC) in Assam is a tool to "target religious minorities and to render Muslims stateless". [4] However, not all peoples within multi-cultural states have the same awareness of being a stateless nation. Although the Palestinians are the majority in Jordan, the country was not created as a nation state for the Palestinians. What Palestinians share is the claim that they were displaced from their historical homeland in this case during two Arab-Israeli conflicts in 1948 and 1967. Refugees, hidden, and dispossession of homeland. A nation, or a people, is usually referred to asqawm in Arabic. Stateless nations can have large populations; for example the Kurds have an estimated population of over 30 million people, which make them one of the largest stateless nations. They were stripped of their nationality on February 9 and 15. Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) was established in 1948 to aid Palestinian refugees who had lost their homes and livelihoods in the Arab-Israeli wars. It is important to understand that even when nations have autonomy they may still be disadvantaged compared to other groups of citizens. The Stateless Nation: A Future for the Kurds Iran has been playing with fire for a hundred years specifically, Iranian state policy towards the Iranian Kurdish community is a recipe for disaster. In total, there are more than 10 million people that are denied a nationality; however, the UNHCR made an announcement that they hope to end statelessness by 2024. I believe that statelessness was codified in the UN charter of 1954, then expanded in 1961. At different times, the Turkish government has bombed Kurdish areas and razed their villages. The Pope became equivalent to an emperor in Western Europe, because when the Western Roman Empire fell to the Germanic invaders, there was a power vacuum which the Bishop of Rome (now known as the Pope) came to fill. A stateless nation is an ethnic group or nation that does not possess its own state[1] and is not the majority population in any nation state. Captive nations are trapped in highly discriminatory situations, still inhabiting ancestral homeland but bereft of many rights and legal protections. Religion and Conflict in the Modern Middle East, Part 2. The U.S. and Post-Bandung Imperial Dominance, Part 9. Kurdish communities are commonly found across Iraq, Turkey, Syria, Iran and Armenia. "5 Large Nations With No Homeland" Without citizenship, stateless people have no legal protection and no right to vote, and they often lack access to education, employment, health care, registration of birth, marriage or death, and property rights. National identity is therefore a complicated topic in the context of the Middle East. They believe because they have a distinct culture, language, religion (or sect thereof) and have occupied a certain region of land for centuries, they are entitled to that particular piece of land. Keep reading to learn more about the terminology of a stateless nation, the significance, and more. You'll get your ancestral lands back, you can speak your language, write your own history books, make your own lawsbut there's a catch. In Iraq, 300,000 Kurds were stripped of their citizenship in 1980 for alleged disloyalty to Saddam Hussein. The Post-Colonial Era in the Middle East: Iran and Turkey, Part 10. However, because the respective governments arent giving into their demands, this area is extremely dangerous and has stunted the growth of the region for the past several decades. Part 4. The Roma lived in relative peace in the former Yugoslavia, but when the communist country broke up in the 1990s, hundreds of thousands of Roma were displaced by armed conflicts in Balkan states like Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo. For the sake of this discussion, however, it is important to know that various cultural communities, whether they called themselves qawm or umum (plural for umma), came to considerthemselves nations. A stateless nation is an ethnic group that does not form a majority in the country or countries where its homeland is located. [88], Some would include the Jews until the 1948 Israeli declaration of independence,[89] however others would point out that different groups of Jews have very different characteristics such as languages, cultures, and territories, rendering the idea that all Jews constitute a single nation questionable. Nie wieder prokastinieren mit unseren Lernerinnerungen. Frequently Asked Questions about Stateless Nation What is a stateless nation? There are plenty of stateless nations in the world today. In extreme cases, they are targets of violence and human trafficking. Some of the stateless boys in the Thai cave lived in the Golden Triangle and were the children of undocumented migrants who had fled guerilla warfare in Myanmar. Well give you challenging practice questions to help you achieve mastery in AP Human Geography. Stateless nation: A nation of people without a state that it considers home(e.g., Kurds, Basques, Palestinians, the Hmong). As not all states are nation states, there are ethnic groups who live in multinational states without being considered "stateless nations". Better known by the derogatory term "gypsies," the Romani or Roma people have suffered ethnic persecution in Europe for centuries. Want to create or adapt books like this? The GPFG, for example, still holds investments of over 1.38 billion NOK in the German utility RWE. Some 20 million Kurds live in Turkey. Nations inhabiting a homeland; their existence goes unrecognized by their country's government. Other examples include many indigenous peoples that have been manoeuvred into minority status in their home countries by colonial powers. One result of this was a power struggle between secular forces, i.e., princes and local rulers, and the Church. This led to successor states with many minority ethnic groups in them, which increased the potential for ethnic conflicts. Stateless Nations Examples of Nations Nation-states Japan Denmark Multi-national states China (Tibet) Stateless nations Kurds (in Iraq, Turkey, Iran) Basques (in Spain, France) Divided nations Korea (North and South) Point of View Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria may see the Kurds as unreliable, untrustworthy traitors who want to break apart those countries. Some 750,000 of them became stateless refugees, having been driven from . Therefore, understanding stateless nations allows you to gain a better perspective on why certain areas in the world are violence-ridden. While there are over 3000 estimated nations in the world, there were only 193 member states of the United Nations as of 2011, of which fewer than 20 are considered to be ethnically homogeneous nation-states. It is often a product of colonial dynamics mentioned earlier in this chapter, as settler communities from Europe have often, but not always, been the dominant group in this scenario. htm). Christian Sects in the Middle East, Part 14. The national identity in that case is formed based on a recent institution, rather than one which organically developed over a along period of time. In Myanmar, they suffer from a long-running genocide and are denied citizenship. Fig. Learn more about our school licenses here. So, now that you know the definitions of a nation and a state, you can deduce that a stateless nation is a group of people with a common culture occupying a particular territory that does not operate as an independent political unit with a defined, permanently populated territory and has no sovereign control over its internal and foreign affairs. At the same time, many of those did not possess a state of their own, and some continue to be without a state. The Pope became equivalent to an emperor in Western Europe, because when the Western Roman Empire fell to the Germanic invaders, there was a power vacuum which the Bishop of Rome (now known as the Pope) came to fill. These millions of stigmatized individuals worldwide are known as "stateless," defined by international law as "a person who is not considered as a national by any State under the operation of its law." Thus there exists in all the stateless nations feelings of identity that can be qualified as contradictory. 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