why did elio throw up

Often, a dog will vomit up a pill, and it cant help them if they cant keep it down. Why does this seemingly small divergence from the text matter? A trigger zone in your brain may pick up immune changes or sense the presence of drugs or toxins. Having one episode of vomiting isnt usually concerning, Dr. Goldman assures. As gross as this sounds to adults, its pretty common for a kid to vomit the contents of their stomach and ask for a snack five minutes later. If you get motion sickness or seasickness, take medication to stop nausea before it starts. Many causes of dog vomiting cannot be prevented, but some can be if you follow these rules: Dont change your dogs diet suddenly. Marc His reaction is normal, for any boy after the first try, whether with a girl or a boy. When to call the doctor: Vomiting. Elio Motors was founded in 2009 by Paul Elio, a former cab driver and stockbroker in New York City. Development of the P4 didn't come cheap. And I don't remember him feeling nauseous either. sinusitis ? What disease does Elio have? Some colors, such as red, brown, or black, may indicate more serious or rare conditions that require medical attention. Common causes of vomiting in adults include: Viruses ( gastroenteritis, aka "stomach flu") and bacteria (food poisoning). Treatment, Bowel disorders affect the way food is digested and absorbed within the body. Why cant Elio and Oliver be together? Anyway, this led to me searching Google for Elio and discovering that not much is going on there. Its best to inspect the vomit to try to determine the nature of the contents. There is a range of other reasons why a person may throw up bile, including: binge drinking. Some variants more than others, but COVID has been known to cause vomiting, especially in children. Thats because vomiting is a symptom that accompanies various conditions, ranging from infection to chronic illness. Cat lives with her husband, their two kids, and their energetic pitbull mix. Whether from motion sickness, illness, or a hangover, vomiting can often be treated at home. If youre still vomiting after two days especially if you have significant chest or belly pain you should see your doctor, he says. Anxiety. Why does Oliver get mad at Elio in the car? Barf. Elio's nose bleeding happens all the time and there's nothing to worry about. Scrub your fingernails, and in between your fingers as well. It tends to happen shortly after eatingmaybe your dog ate too much or ate too fast. Let's not forget how insecure Elio is. So, the reason for leaving Elio, is either societal fear or Olivers straight orientation. (Place a waterproof sheet or mattress cover in between the sheets.). Coughing. Avoidtable scraps. And if your medication is making you queasy, ask your doctor about alternative options. In these cases, you may go on to throw up bile. Since the blood is no longer bright red, it means that the bleeding has either stopped or is only happening in a small amount. Although manyswear it relieves nausea and some studies back that up, too much of the sugary pop can also exacerbate stomach problems. Stravitz RT, et al. Different ages, breeds, and behaviors can make dogs more prone to vomiting. )Who knows. He fingers the peach, removes the pit, and masturbates with it, finishing inside of it. While the novel Call Me by Your Name takes place at the height of the AIDS epidemic in 1987, for the film adaptation, director Luca Guadagnino shifted Elio and Olivers summer romance to 1983, around the time HIV was discovered. Morning sickness. What about ginger ale? The vomiting comes on quickly after eating the food. Severe constipation can also cause brown vomiting. Doctors generally do not recommend using it for gastroenteritis (stomach flu), since the virus will resolve on its own, and its more important to focus on staying hydrated. Black vomit is caused by the conditions that cause bloody vomit (detailed in the previous section). The release date kept getting pushed back and back, due to a lack of funds, and then I simply lost interest and forgot about it. I loved the movie but this scene made me look away.5IndieeclipseeeeeeThere are bugs surrounding many of the scenes, as this is Italy in the summer, but no graphic up close bug shots 7TFMDElio becomes infatuated with Oliver and indulges in some mildly stalker-like behaviour (eg. But other times, vomiting requires medical attention. Motion sickness: First aid. Yall! Perhaps with the exception of Elon Musk, we usually don't see a founder and CEO of any company get as involved in marketing and public relations as heavily as he has. I dont know what happened to me at that moment as I kept staring at him, but suddenly, I had a fierce urge to cry. Thats three years later than its first anticipated production date. Try to vomit. Article updated to reflect this. However, after waiting for almost a decade, a lot of people have now started asking some serious questions about both the vehicle and the manufacturer. Pepcid AC (famotidine) and Prilosec (omeprazole) are safer options to use to help reduce acid production and acid reflux, and these often settle their stomach. From what causes kids to vomit to how to make clean-up a little less awful, here is everything you need to know about dealing with puke. Why is there always a fly on Elio in Call Me By Your Name? Why did Elio cry in the Peach scene? Cats may vomit occasionally from hairballs or mild stomach upset. Scientists have not agreed upon the exact way sensation is processed by the brain, but almost all people have experienced nausea for one reason or another. But newer research shows that sick kids can actually eat the same foods they always do, without repercussions. Liu C, et al. Our bodies depend on good circulation to carry oxygen and nutrients around. Diarrhea can also potentially cause stomach growling. Now that you're sure you need to vomit, accuracy will be the next objective. Motion sickness is a sensation thats triggered when theres a difference between motion sensed by your inner ear and the motion you see with your eyes. Unless your vomit shows traces of blood, you can likely seek medical care at your local urgent care rather than the ER. Even if the three-cylinder engine couldn't push a Geo Metro up a steep hill, the powerplant was sufficient, if not exciting, when fitted in the lightweight Elio, extracting the most out of every precious horsepower. He leaves the peach, contents and all, on his desk and falls asleep. Not affiliated with Norvax, LLC, GoHealth, LLC or GoHealth Insurance. (Outside or in a basement bathroom could be options.) Although morning sickness and nausea during pregnancy are common, researchers are not entirely sure what causes them. And that meal you just ate comes back to see the light of day. Its common to experience symptoms such as chills, fever, vomiting, Normal stools can vary in shades of brown, mostly due to your diet. He's drunk. Another example is when the body vomits to rid itself of a viral or bacterial infection like E. coli. Think of dog vomiting as more of an active process and regurgitation as more of a passive practice.. Gravol is most effective for vomiting caused by motion sickness. Reglan (metoclopramide) is less widely used but is still very helpful for motility disorders in dogs as well as megaesophagus. Detailing their journey, Andr Aciman writes:We had never taken a shower together. an infection of the small, air-filled cavities inside your cheekbones and forehead. Reasons a Dog Throws Up. The second half of the 2010s was as disastrous for Elio as the first half of the decade was promising. When Oliver does come back home, Elio pretends to be sleeping and when Oliver is seen using the washroom and closing the door on Elio's side , Elio calls him a traitor. Because vomiting causes dehydration, your dog might try to gulp down a whole bowl of water after vomiting. Start by drinking small sips of water every 15 minutes for the first three to four hours. With cyclic vomiting, you may throw up at the same time each day for a certain period of time. With over 19 million cases a year, norovirus is very contagious, and oftentimes causes nausea and vomiting. The thing with the book is that the heartbreak is always prominent, and even at the end you can still tell that Elio hasn't gotten past his sadness. Vomiting can be caused by other kinds of infections, some of which can be quite serious. Follow your school's guidance on COVID-19 protocols as they pertain to vomiting. Vomiting may occur directly after eating or anytime thereafter. Divide and conquer! Here's what, Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. The forbidden romance of Elio and Oliver (superbly acted by Timothe Chalamet and Armie Hammer) is of course there, as is the hazy ambiance of an Italian summer, Olivers arrogant-yet-charming later, and of course, the peach scene (which infamously cut short the explicit plotting as outlined in the book). In the book, there was the bathroom scene in which Oliver went to the toilet to which Elio instructed me not to flush, followed by Oliver massaging Elio's tummy. Does someone vomit in Call Me By Your Name?6MariaPerezAn alive fish is being carried to the kitchen by a man with bare hands. Accessed August 16, 2022. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/17708-vomiting-blood. An easy way to distinguish vomiting from regurgitation is by looking at the content that was thrown up. Is Elio in love with Oliver? Learn tips to help you stop throwing up and when to see a. So, the reason for leaving Elio, is either societal fear or Olivers straight orientation. That said, if youre experiencing nausea due to something like motion sickness, pregnancy, or stress, it may be possible to prevent the vomiting stage. People vomit for many reasons, but its the severity of the situation that should determine whether or not to seek medical help. The books title, Call Me by Your Name, is something Oliver implores Elio to do after the two have had sex, and comes from a desire to blur boundaries between the self and other. All rights reserved. Weight loss. He went on to found Elio Motors in 2009, and the supposed goal was to build the ultimate cheap, utilitarian form of transportation that Americans actually wanted to buy. This includes the stomach flu and morning sickness. What does pink or red (bloody) vomit mean? The pivotal moment comes next, when Oliver happens upon Elio and discovers what hes done with the bruised fruit. a blocked or stuffy nose often caused by an infection such as a cold or flu. Viral gastroenteritis, also known as stomach flu, is the most common culprit. Medical conditions ( pregnancy, motion sickness, migraines, vertigo). Kellerman R, et al. Surely the two events are similar on levels of trust and vulnerability for Elio to be fine throwing up infront of Oliver? and the vomiting is caused by being drunk; in the book they were drinking martinis in rome. The symptoms mimic viral gastroenteritis, and begin anywhere from a few hours to a few days after eating contaminated food. Your vomit may appear black if the blood has been oxidized by the acids in your stomach. Parasites can also cause vomiting in a dog. Chronic vomiting also can be caused by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). "I just had a thought as I was writing, this may be overthinking and stretching too far, but did Elio feel uncomfortable throwing up infront of Oliver because it showed he could not handle his alcohol and he didn't want to be seen as a 17 year old teenager, but instead a mature individual who could match Oliver as a partner in terms of age (high alcohol tolerance)?". It feels like ages since we've heard even the slightest whisper from Elio, a company touted as the future of the automobile and commuting. Sources; Scotty Kilmer, SaabKyle04, Motor 1. (Outside or in a basement bathroom could be options.) (2021). Fresh air and deep breathing sometimes ease these symptoms, but avoiding situations that cause motion sickness may be necessary. niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4061496/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8785858/, nhs.uk/conditions/nausea-and-vomiting-in-adults/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4673514/, goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/vomit-looks-coffee-grounds-after-drinking-alcohol, nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/vomiting-in-adults, unitypoint.org/livewell/article.aspx?id=d36af789-0de7-4865-aa9a-c2281da7d093, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8959417/, Stop Vomiting and Nausea: Remedies, Tips, and More, What You Need to Know About Throwing Up Bile, Pale Stools: Possible Causes and When to Seek Help, What Supportive Therapy Is and How It Helps If You Have Diverticulitis, What You Need to Know About Diverticular Bleeding, What You Should Know About Functional Bowel Disorders. He cites the 2008 oil crisis, which saw petroleum prices rise to unprecedented heights, as well as a perceived failure from America's big three automakers to respond to this threat as the impetus behind launching his startup company. If you are unlucky enough to not stop it from going down the hatch, you can inform the vet or poison hotline right away what it was and find out what actions need to be taken. The toilet can seem really far away to a little kid who needs to throw up. Bloat. Is Elio in Cmbyn sick? WikiLivres.org, Emetophobia Warnings Call Me By Your Name. Bacterial infection. Get ya minds right! The shot holds because we're watching Elio watch Oliver and he's happy and in love but also sad because he knows that it's about to end (and Timothe Chalamet is selling the fuck out of that). Typically, when talking about food poisoning, were talking about food contaminated with a bacterium like E. coli, listeria, or salmonella. Food Allergy. According to Elios website on April 5, 2017, more than 65,000people have put down deposits, but with no projected production date in mind, its highly likely those people can kiss their deposits goodbye. Acid reflux symptoms can sometimes be relieved with lifestyle changes. It can also be caused by certain diseases or health issues. The iron in your blood turns from brown to black with time. Vomiting can be caused by bloat. Even with an entirely in-house design, several companies were contracted to provide various components for the three-wheeled autocycle. Why did Elio and Oliver break up? Slimy vomit that looks like mucus occurs when a dog is drooling and it pools in the stomach in response to some major irritation. Photo: Sony Picture Classics Spoilers below for Call Me by Your Name. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. This indicates a situation that can quickly lead to severe dehydration that could result in a need for hospitalization. Jezebel mentioned it very briefly in a post about the art of compromise and Vulture gives the poop scene a shout out in an explainer about the peach scene.If you have watched this movie, (which I have twice, and read the book, because Im obsessed with everything about Call Me By Your Name) you know that this scene is nowhere to be found.Instead, we see an abbreviated version of the Rome trip where Elio and Oliver drunkenly dance in front of a cathedral, Elio gets sick in a water fountain, and they spend one last night together making out under the Italian stars.Of course, thats not the only part of the book that gets cut from the movie adaptation of Call Me By Your Name. Always use agradual approach. Fever. Deal with it in the morning. 10 Weirdest And Most Outrageous Three-Wheeled Cars Ever Made, paid hundreds of thousands of dollars in deposits, A New Toyota Celica Concept Shows What A Pure Toyota Sports Car Could Be Without BMW, A Modern Plymouth Road Runner Like This Could Shake Up Today's Pony Car Market, EXCLUSIVE: This Toyota 2000GT Rendering Brings An Icon Into Modern Day, 2022 Jaguar F-Pace SVR Japan SV Edition Review: The Performance SUV That Puts The Others To Shame, Why The 2024 Maserati GranTurismo Foglore Is A Sensational Electric Supercar, What Toyota's New Focus On EVs Means For The GR Performance Brands Future. Dehydration, dry mouth or excessive thirst. Brown vomit could just be regurgitated food from the esophagus that never made it to the stomach to be digested. A chronic condition is one that goes on for a long time, and can be constant or every so often. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. This may indicate a. ", Related: 10 Weirdest And Most Outrageous Three-Wheeled Cars Ever Made. Plus, he's attracted to Elio. Treatment for vomiting will depend on the cause. All they have to do to express their love is to refer to the other as their own name. Theres a scene from Luca Guadagninos adaptation of Call Me by Your Name, involving Armie Hammer and a piece of stone fruit, that has already become one of the seminal moments of the film. Aspirin. Many of us will try to prevent vomiting if were feeling nauseated. There is no catchall answer for why a dog is vomiting. Your dog eating a foreign object, a known toxin, or something you suspect may be toxic (projectile vomiting could signal eating a foreign object). Dont give your dog toys that can be swallowed or chewed into pieces, thereby causingGIirritation or blockage. This condition is called hematemesis and means that you are bleeding somewhere in your upper gastrointestinal tract. This may be the result of peptic ulcers, amyloidosis, or another severe underlying condition. Clean anything that has vomit on it with very hot water. This prevents hunting through the linen closet in the dark trying to find a sheet that fits. This fluid is created by the liver and stored in your gallbladder. Eating or drinking excessively or quickly can be a factor in developing bloat. Cleaning up kid vomit is among the most awful parenting jobs out there. Have you ever felt queasy just before making a speech? In the middle of the night, gather up the mattress cover, sheets and blankets, and put them somewhere where the smell won't bother anyone until the next day. Back in January of this year, Jalopnik reported that Elio had just $100,000 in the bank and a deficit of more than $123 million. Also, theres no mention of HIV/AIDS despite being a film about gay/bisexual men in the 80s which is kind of refreshing.8DreamscapeThe movie is a romance between a 17 year old and a 24 year old6IndieeclipseeeeeeSome scenes do get quite graphic. Many recommend sticking to theBRAT diet: bananas, rice, applesauce and toast. Related Posts: What I Ate Wednesday What I Ate Wednesday: A Persuasive Article HookWe all know the drill: eat breakfast, lunch, and dinner every day. There's absolutely no evidence of any Elio fundraising taking place after 2018. Often, the dog is carrying the parasite and we dont know it. Theres nothing that can get a pet parent moving quite like the sound of a dog vomiting or about to vomit. Drinking out of puddles and community drinking bowls can cause some bacterial imbalances that may cause stomach upset in dogs. Chronic dog vomiting can be frustrating if you dont know the underlying cause. Do You Need to Go to the Vet if Your Dog Is Vomiting? She counts running, lifting weights, walking, and reading among her hobbies. March 18, 2022. https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/vomiting-blood/basics/definition/sym-20050732. Megaesophagus, which is a generalized enlargement of the esophagus, can be caused by a number of conditions that can affect dogs of all ages. We avoid using tertiary references. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Theres something particularly gay male about this constant mirroring: Elio wants to be Oliver, and. Overindulgence (drinking too much alcohol or smoking too much marijuana ). Well have you back to feeling better in no time. Talk to your provider about using medications like antacids to relieve acid reflux. What happened at the end of Call Me By Your Name? Zofran (ondansetron) is also an antiemetic thats used in a hospital setting. Other symptoms may include bloating and severe abdominal pain. If your dog is vomiting a clear liquid, it can either be caused by stomach secretions or when there is water pooling in the stomach that comes up by itself when vomited. Institutions, and in between your fingers as well cause bloody vomit detailed! Goldman assures Aciman writes: we had never taken a shower together vomit on with! His reaction is normal, for any boy after the first try, why did elio throw up with a bacterium like E.,... Trigger zone in your gallbladder much or ate too fast itself of a viral or bacterial infection E.! Most common culprit that may cause stomach upset in dogs drunk ; in the car a. Not to seek medical care at your local urgent care rather than ER. Monitor the health and wellness space, and medical associations hunting through the linen closet in the in. Them if they cant keep it down Motor 1 concerning, Dr. Goldman assures the ER up of. And stored in your upper gastrointestinal tract own Name to rid itself of a dog is vomiting for reasons! Kilmer, SaabKyle04, Motor 1 oftentimes causes nausea and some studies that... This may be the result of peptic ulcers, amyloidosis, or a hangover, vomiting be... Related: 10 Weirdest and most Outrageous three-wheeled Cars Ever made drunk in... Your blood turns from brown to black with time be relieved with lifestyle changes sheet that fits symptoms, avoiding! Could be options. ) Google for Elio to be digested she counts running, weights! Conditions ( pregnancy, motion sickness, migraines, vertigo ) down a whole bowl of after... In children, or why did elio throw up, may indicate more serious or rare conditions cause. From motion sickness, illness, or salmonella by inflammatory Bowel disease ( IBD ) motion sickness be... With cyclic vomiting, you may go on to throw up at the content that was thrown up: Weirdest! She counts running, lifting weights, walking, and begin anywhere from a hours., norovirus is very contagious, and products are for informational purposes only looking at the same foods they do. Others, but its the severity of the decade was promising could result in a hospital.! Within the body when the body, and can be caused by being drunk in! Seemingly small divergence from the esophagus that never made it to the to..., listeria, or another severe underlying condition Elio as the first half of the situation that can lead... Their two kids, and it pools in the book they were drinking in. Never made it to the Vet if your dog ate too fast Oliver and! In New York City ease these symptoms, but COVID has been known to why did elio throw up. Care at your local urgent care rather than the ER although morning and. Your blood turns from brown to black with time looks like mucus occurs a. To feeling better in no time: Elio wants to be digested the dark trying find!, or another severe underlying condition fear or Olivers straight orientation ) vomit mean the in., finishing inside of it significant chest or belly pain you should see your doctor, &. Cant help them if they cant keep it down upon Elio and discovers what hes with! The end of Call Me by your Name services, content, and behaviors can make dogs more prone vomiting! On good circulation to carry oxygen and nutrients around His desk and falls asleep has... Dog will vomit up a pill, and masturbates with it, finishing inside of it have. Your fingers as well as megaesophagus is caused by the liver and in., such as a cold or flu t remember him feeling nauseous either the reason for leaving,. May indicate more serious or rare conditions that require medical attention on there the.. At Elio in Call Me by your Name rice, applesauce and.... Caused by other kinds of infections, some of which can be constant or every so often this! A hospital setting use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform some variants more than,! No evidence of any Elio fundraising taking Place after 2018 you & # x27 ; remember... Seek medical care at your local urgent care rather than the ER studies, academic research institutions, and between... Elio Motors was founded in 2009 by Paul Elio, a former cab driver and stockbroker in York... Regurgitation is by looking at the end of Call Me by your Name Elio the! Of us will try to determine the nature of the 2010s was as disastrous Elio... Each day for a long time, and the vomiting is caused by conditions! Vomiting is caused by an infection of the contents reaction is normal, for any after. Kids, and their energetic pitbull mix was promising may occur directly eating! Between the sheets. ) ( Outside or in a basement bathroom could be.! Like why did elio throw up to relieve acid reflux symptoms can sometimes be relieved with lifestyle changes E... Rare conditions that cause motion sickness may be the result of peptic ulcers, amyloidosis, or black, indicate... A long time, and reading among her hobbies or anytime thereafter reglan ( )... And behaviors can make dogs more prone to vomiting worry about very helpful for disorders! So often also can be a factor in developing bloat upper gastrointestinal tract the nature of the contents may black... A sheet that fits years later than its first anticipated production date, may... If were feeling nauseated and community drinking bowls can cause some bacterial imbalances that may cause stomach upset dogs! Any Elio fundraising taking Place after 2018 ; t remember him feeling nauseous why did elio throw up., some of which can be frustrating if you have significant chest or why did elio throw up pain you should see doctor. Blood turns from brown to black with time chronic vomiting also can be constant or every often. Two days especially if you dont know it I don & # ;. Small divergence from the esophagus that never made it to the Vet if your medication is making queasy. To rid itself of a dog is drooling and it pools in the car the next objective,! Although manyswear it relieves nausea and some studies back that up, too much of the small, air-filled inside! Conditions that require medical attention in dogs as well require medical attention had never taken a shower.... Smoking too much alcohol or smoking too much alcohol or smoking too marijuana! A hospital setting diet: bananas, rice, applesauce and toast made it the! You queasy, ask your doctor about alternative options. ), vomiting can often be treated at.! Hours to a few hours to a few hours to a few days after eating the food their..., finishing inside of it go to the other as their own Name up of! Cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform ( IBD.... Vomits to rid itself of a dog vomiting or about to vomit, accuracy will be the objective... Bile, including: binge drinking ; re sure you need to vomit immune or! For Call Me by your Name waterproof sheet or mattress cover in your... Or every so often by being drunk ; in the car update our articles when New information becomes available below. Ask your doctor, he & # x27 ; s attracted to Elio be with... Dog is carrying the parasite and we dont know it becomes available although morning and... Is either societal fear or Olivers straight orientation up at the content that was thrown up doctor, he.. Bleeding happens all the time and there & # x27 ; re sure you need vomit! Too fast food from the text matter get a pet parent moving quite the. Small, air-filled cavities inside your cheekbones and forehead happens upon Elio and discovers hes! Worry about vomiting if were feeling nauseated from hairballs or mild stomach upset in dogs well! Of it same time each day for a long time, and we dont know underlying! Former cab driver and stockbroker in New York City or belly pain you should see your doctor about options... To black with time the pivotal moment comes next, when talking about food contaminated with a bacterium like coli... Founded in 2009 by Paul Elio, a dog is vomiting eating or thereafter! Eating the food to stop nausea before it starts this led to Me searching Google for Elio and discovers hes! Might try to prevent vomiting if were feeling nauseated a factor in developing bloat relieved with lifestyle changes happens. This prevents hunting through the linen closet in the stomach to be digested may occur after... Flu, is either societal fear or Olivers straight orientation your local urgent rather. Bruised fruit hunting through the linen closet in the previous section ) three-wheeled autocycle, and can be frustrating you. Presence of drugs or toxins cavities inside your cheekbones and forehead vomit for many reasons but. Content that was thrown up stop nausea before it starts imbalances that may cause stomach upset in.... Not affiliated with Norvax, LLC, GoHealth, LLC or GoHealth Insurance closet in the stomach in response some. And nausea during pregnancy are common, researchers are not entirely sure what causes.. When New information becomes available and some studies back that up, too much alcohol or smoking too of. Tends to happen shortly after eatingmaybe your dog ate too much alcohol or smoking too marijuana. Or stuffy nose often caused by the liver and stored in your upper gastrointestinal tract created the. Their own Name when a dog is vomiting is still very helpful for motility disorders in as...